EPE Association: EPE 2007 - Subtopic 12-3 - DS: Sensorless techniques

EPE 2007 - Subtopic 12-3 - DS: Sensorless techniques
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2007 - Conference > EPE 2007 - Topic 12: 'High performance drives' > EPE 2007 - Subtopic 12-3 - DS: Sensorless techniques

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   A Zero Speed Operation Sensorless PMSM Drive Without Additional Test Signal Injection
By RAUTE Reiko [View]
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Abstract: The inherent back EMF and the saliency of AC machines can be utilized to identify the rotor/flux position. A novel technique, which takes both of these effects into account is proposed in this paper. No additional test signals are injected into the machine and the difficulties in sensing the machine terminal voltage at low speed is eased. Only three standard current transducers are used in the drive system. For the position/speed estimator only the machine current derivative during the relatively long (at low speed) zero voltage vectors is used as feedback. Practical results show the operation of the drive at several torque and speed conditions including stand still.

   Extended EMF- and Parameter Observer for sensorless controlled PMSM-machines at low speed
By STAFFLER Wolfgang; SCHROEDL Manfred; HOFER Matthias [View]
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Abstract: The paper describes an extended EMF- and parameter observer for sensorless controlled PMSM-machines. Therefore a combination of INFORM-method and EMF-model is used. At low speed, the reference position of the permanent magnet flux is calculated by INFORM-method and compared with the permanent magnet flux provided by EMF-model. By transformation of the voltage equation into a current-oriented reference frame, a 4th order state model is presented which provides the observed stator resistance and stator inductance of the PMSM. A stability analysis results in a stable operation. Measurement results of the extended EMF-and parameter observer at stationary operation point and in dynamical operation are given.

   Novel Adaptive Flux Observer for Wide Speed Range Sensorless Control of Induction Motor
By KRZEMINSKI Zbigniew; ADAMOWICZ Marek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new adaptive flux observer of induction motor is presented in the paper. The Lyapunov theory is utilized for derivation of the adaptation law of rotor flux angular speed, which acts as unknown parameter in an augmented induction motor model. In the field weakening region, where stray fluxes are comparable with rotor flux magnitude, the air-gap flux stabilization is proposed. An air-gap flux multiscalar model is derived for stator current and air-gap flux vectors and the multiscalar model based nonlinear control of induction motor taking advantages of air-gap flux model is applied. The performance of the proposed sensorless control algorithm is verified experimentally on a DSP-based drive system.

   Novel Sensorless Control for PM Synchronous Motors Based on Maximum Torque Control Frame
By TOMIGASHI Yoshio; KISHIMOTO Keiji; HIDA Hajime [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a novel position sensorless vector control for IPMSMs is described. First, we define a novel coordinate frame (hereafter called the maximum torque control frame), which has one axis aligned with the current vector of the maximum torque-per-ampere (MTPA) control and propose a sensorless control method for directly estimating the maximum torque control frame. Because the parameter Lqm for estimating the frame is less affected by magnetic saturation than the conventional Lq, the influence of magnetic saturation on the position estimation can be greatly suppressed. In additional, excellent current vector loci are observed even when Lqm is approximated by a constant value. This method is robust against changes in inductance caused by magnetic saturation. After defining an extended electromotive force model based on the proposed frame and a parameter Lqm for an estimation of the frame, we confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by simulations and experiments.

   Position Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor at Low Speed Range Using Harmonic Voltage Injection
By KONDO Keiichiro; YONEYAMA Takashi; TANIGUCHI Shun; WAKAO Shinji [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship among injected harmonic voltage, acoustic noise, and position estimation error in a position sensorless control method at low speed range using harmonic voltage injection. Moreover, a novel injected voltage control method for reducing the acoustic noise is proposed. The proposed control method is verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a 4-pole, 2 kW, 2100 rpm mini model test prototype.

   Sensorless Control of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Belt-Driven Starter-Alternator
By MASSON Phillipe; CHABOUR Ferhat; VILAIN Jean-Paul [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to achieve a low-cost sensorless drive for wound rotor synchronous belt-driven starter-alternator (StARS). These electrical machines manufactured by automotive suppliers are intended to equip light cars. Classically, the self-commutation operation of the StARS is controlled by electromechanical position sensors. However, these last suffer from complex wiring and reliability issues. To overcome these problems, authors propose a sensorless control method which deals with initial rotor position detection and motor parameter identification at stand-still. A back-emfs estimation method suitable for non-zero speeds is presented as well as a DSP implementation of the suggested sensorless technique. Experimental results verify the good operation of the proposed solution.

   Sensorless Control of Hybrid Stepper Motor
By BERTHON Alain; BENDJEDIA Moussa; AIT AMIRAT Youcef; WALTHER Bernard [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Today thanks to low cost and high performance DSP's, Kalman filtering (KF) becomes an efficient candidate to avoid mechanical sensors in motor control. We present in this work experimental results by using a steady state KF method to estimate the speed and rotor position for hybrid stepper motor. With this method the computing time is reduced. The Kalman gain is pre-computed from numerical simulation and introduced as a constant in the real time algorithm. The load torque is also on-line estimated by the same algorithm. At start-up the initial rotor position is detected by the impulse current method.

   SENSORLESS CONTROL OF SRM USING POSITION OBSERVER
By ZAWIRSKI Krzysztof; URBANSKI Konrad [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with the problem of sensorless control of SRM drives. A speed control system using back EMF and position estimator is presented. The shaft position is estimated using a "global" current error. Such observer works well in closed loop - where all required mechanical signals are estimated. Observer presents good performance even though nonlinearity of SRM model. Moreover, that observer proves robustness against inaccurate motor parameter estimation. Proposed observer driven system tolerates wide range of inaccuracy of motor resistance estimation and proves a kind of toleration level to inaccuracy in motor inductance estimation.

   Signal Processing of Zero Sequence Voltage Technique
By STULRAJTER Marek; VITTEK Jan; SCELBA Giacomo; CARUANA Cedric [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the implementation of the Zero Sequence Voltage (ZSV) technique, which was exploited to determine the rotor position of the surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM). The method is based on the zero sequence voltage measurement, performed between the neutral point of AC machines and the mid-point of the inverter DC bus. The air gap flux position and consequently the rotor position were obtained by adopting a position estimator with suitable filtering algorithm.

   SPEED MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS IN AC INDUCTION MOTORS
By DE MARCOS Julian; CORTAJARENA Jose Antonio; ALVAREZ Pedro; ALKORTA Patxi; ALEGRIA Oscar; VICANDI Javier [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, the multiple period speed measurement is compared with the classical frequency and/or period methods used. The proposed speed method is used to examine the quality of the three implemented speed estimators. These estimators get the information from measured stator currents and from motor stator voltage. Open loop estimators or observers are used to estimate rotor or stator flux and rotor speed to use as feedback signals. An improved open loop estimator, an MRAS, and an EKF observer are tested utilizing a 7.5 kW induction motor. They have different accuracy, robustness and sensitivity against parameter variations and all of them have the same problem when the rotor speed is around zero.

EPE 2007 - Subtopic 12-3 - DS: Sensorless techniques
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2007 - Conference > EPE 2007 - Topic 12: 'High performance drives' > EPE 2007 - Subtopic 12-3 - DS: Sensorless techniques
	[return to parent folder]

	A Zero Speed Operation Sensorless PMSM Drive Without Additional Test Signal Injection By RAUTE Reiko	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The inherent back EMF and the saliency of AC machines can be utilized to identify the rotor/flux position. A novel technique, which takes both of these effects into account is proposed in this paper. No additional test signals are injected into the machine and the difficulties in sensing the machine terminal voltage at low speed is eased. Only three standard current transducers are used in the drive system. For the position/speed estimator only the machine current derivative during the relatively long (at low speed) zero voltage vectors is used as feedback. Practical results show the operation of the drive at several torque and speed conditions including stand still.

	Extended EMF- and Parameter Observer for sensorless controlled PMSM-machines at low speed By STAFFLER Wolfgang; SCHROEDL Manfred; HOFER Matthias	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes an extended EMF- and parameter observer for sensorless controlled PMSM-machines. Therefore a combination of INFORM-method and EMF-model is used. At low speed, the reference position of the permanent magnet flux is calculated by INFORM-method and compared with the permanent magnet flux provided by EMF-model. By transformation of the voltage equation into a current-oriented reference frame, a 4th order state model is presented which provides the observed stator resistance and stator inductance of the PMSM. A stability analysis results in a stable operation. Measurement results of the extended EMF-and parameter observer at stationary operation point and in dynamical operation are given.

	Novel Adaptive Flux Observer for Wide Speed Range Sensorless Control of Induction Motor By KRZEMINSKI Zbigniew; ADAMOWICZ Marek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new adaptive flux observer of induction motor is presented in the paper. The Lyapunov theory is utilized for derivation of the adaptation law of rotor flux angular speed, which acts as unknown parameter in an augmented induction motor model. In the field weakening region, where stray fluxes are comparable with rotor flux magnitude, the air-gap flux stabilization is proposed. An air-gap flux multiscalar model is derived for stator current and air-gap flux vectors and the multiscalar model based nonlinear control of induction motor taking advantages of air-gap flux model is applied. The performance of the proposed sensorless control algorithm is verified experimentally on a DSP-based drive system.

	Novel Sensorless Control for PM Synchronous Motors Based on Maximum Torque Control Frame By TOMIGASHI Yoshio; KISHIMOTO Keiji; HIDA Hajime	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, a novel position sensorless vector control for IPMSMs is described. First, we define a novel coordinate frame (hereafter called the maximum torque control frame), which has one axis aligned with the current vector of the maximum torque-per-ampere (MTPA) control and propose a sensorless control method for directly estimating the maximum torque control frame. Because the parameter Lqm for estimating the frame is less affected by magnetic saturation than the conventional Lq, the influence of magnetic saturation on the position estimation can be greatly suppressed. In additional, excellent current vector loci are observed even when Lqm is approximated by a constant value. This method is robust against changes in inductance caused by magnetic saturation. After defining an extended electromotive force model based on the proposed frame and a parameter Lqm for an estimation of the frame, we confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by simulations and experiments.

	Position Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor at Low Speed Range Using Harmonic Voltage Injection By KONDO Keiichiro; YONEYAMA Takashi; TANIGUCHI Shun; WAKAO Shinji	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper examines the relationship among injected harmonic voltage, acoustic noise, and position estimation error in a position sensorless control method at low speed range using harmonic voltage injection. Moreover, a novel injected voltage control method for reducing the acoustic noise is proposed. The proposed control method is verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a 4-pole, 2 kW, 2100 rpm mini model test prototype.

	Sensorless Control of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Belt-Driven Starter-Alternator By MASSON Phillipe; CHABOUR Ferhat; VILAIN Jean-Paul	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to achieve a low-cost sensorless drive for wound rotor synchronous belt-driven starter-alternator (StARS). These electrical machines manufactured by automotive suppliers are intended to equip light cars. Classically, the self-commutation operation of the StARS is controlled by electromechanical position sensors. However, these last suffer from complex wiring and reliability issues. To overcome these problems, authors propose a sensorless control method which deals with initial rotor position detection and motor parameter identification at stand-still. A back-emfs estimation method suitable for non-zero speeds is presented as well as a DSP implementation of the suggested sensorless technique. Experimental results verify the good operation of the proposed solution.

	Sensorless Control of Hybrid Stepper Motor By BERTHON Alain; BENDJEDIA Moussa; AIT AMIRAT Youcef; WALTHER Bernard	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Today thanks to low cost and high performance DSP's, Kalman filtering (KF) becomes an efficient candidate to avoid mechanical sensors in motor control. We present in this work experimental results by using a steady state KF method to estimate the speed and rotor position for hybrid stepper motor. With this method the computing time is reduced. The Kalman gain is pre-computed from numerical simulation and introduced as a constant in the real time algorithm. The load torque is also on-line estimated by the same algorithm. At start-up the initial rotor position is detected by the impulse current method.

	SENSORLESS CONTROL OF SRM USING POSITION OBSERVER By ZAWIRSKI Krzysztof; URBANSKI Konrad	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with the problem of sensorless control of SRM drives. A speed control system using back EMF and position estimator is presented. The shaft position is estimated using a "global" current error. Such observer works well in closed loop - where all required mechanical signals are estimated. Observer presents good performance even though nonlinearity of SRM model. Moreover, that observer proves robustness against inaccurate motor parameter estimation. Proposed observer driven system tolerates wide range of inaccuracy of motor resistance estimation and proves a kind of toleration level to inaccuracy in motor inductance estimation.

	Signal Processing of Zero Sequence Voltage Technique By STULRAJTER Marek; VITTEK Jan; SCELBA Giacomo; CARUANA Cedric	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the implementation of the Zero Sequence Voltage (ZSV) technique, which was exploited to determine the rotor position of the surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM). The method is based on the zero sequence voltage measurement, performed between the neutral point of AC machines and the mid-point of the inverter DC bus. The air gap flux position and consequently the rotor position were obtained by adopting a position estimator with suitable filtering algorithm.

	SPEED MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS IN AC INDUCTION MOTORS By DE MARCOS Julian; CORTAJARENA Jose Antonio; ALVAREZ Pedro; ALKORTA Patxi; ALEGRIA Oscar; VICANDI Javier	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, the multiple period speed measurement is compared with the classical frequency and/or period methods used. The proposed speed method is used to examine the quality of the three implemented speed estimators. These estimators get the information from measured stator currents and from motor stator voltage. Open loop estimators or observers are used to estimate rotor or stator flux and rotor speed to use as feedback signals. An improved open loop estimator, an MRAS, and an EKF observer are tested utilizing a 7.5 kW induction motor. They have different accuracy, robustness and sensitivity against parameter variations and all of them have the same problem when the rotor speed is around zero.