EPE Association: EPE 2005 - Topic 11-4b - DS: Sensorless techniques

EPE 2005 - Topic 11-4b - DS: Sensorless techniques
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2005 - Conference > EPE 2005 - Topic 11: HIGH PERFORMANCE DRIVES > EPE 2005 - Topic 11-4b - DS: Sensorless techniques

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   A COMPARISON OF SENSORLESS SPEED ESTIMATION FOR A DOUBLY FED INDUCTION MACHINE
By GHOSN Ragi; PIETRZA; SALLOUM Georges; DE FORNEL Bernard [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Controlled doubly fed induction motors without mechanical sensors give a low cost algorithms and a higher reliability. Three representative approaches are considered in this paper for speed estimation: MRAS estimation, Kalman filter and the injection of a high frequency stator voltage. The methods are compared in term of their sensitivity to electrical and mechanical parameters variation and their speed tracking capability.

   A Self-Sensing Active Magnetic Bearing with Zero-Bias-Current Control
By OHNIWA Katsumi; KATO Yuki; MIYASHITA Osamu; YOSHIDA Toshiya [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A zero-bias-current self-sensing active magnetic bearing is proposed. One degree-of-freedom (DOF) of the rotor is controlled by a pair of electromagnets, which are alternatively energized by the proposed circuit. The rotor position of the one DOF is measured by using both electromagnets: the non-energized electromagnet also contributes to the position sensing. The proposed method gives good linearity in the position estimation. The controller of the magnetic levitation consists of a digital signal processor, DSP, which compensates the nonlinearity of the magnetic force and achieves good damping.

   A Versatile Zero Speed Sensorless Position Detection Technique for PMSMs
By HOLLIDAY Derrick; BUDDEN Alan; MELLOR Phil [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A versatile sensorless zero-speed position sensing algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented. The strategy is applicable to any brushless permanent magnet machine that exhibits magnetic saliency. It is computationally simple and fast and can be used with machines that exhibit distorted saliencies. Experimental results show that the position measurement scheme can be used with different machine topologies and that it exhibits excellent agreement with results obtained using a resolver.

   APPLICATION OF THE MATRIX CONVERTER FOR THE SENSORLESS POSITION CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET AC MACHINES USING HIGH FREQUENCY INJECTION
By ASHER Greg; ROMERAL Luis; ARIAS Antoni; SUMNER Mark; SALTIVERI David [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper investigates the use of a Matrix Converter for the sensorless position control of a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine using High Frequency injection. The Matrix Converter has almost zero dead time, which means that behaves almost like an ideal power converter and achieves better results than the conventional Voltage Source Inverter. A comparison of the sensorless technique proposed using both converters is made.

   Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Dual-Mode Position Estimation
By BOECKER Joachim; KROeGER Claus [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Optimal torque control of permanent magnet motors requires precise position information of the rotor. Normally, high resolution sensors for position measurement do not meet the robustness requirements for vehicles. In view of robustness and reliability, speed sensorless methods like EMF-based observers are favored for motor control in such applications. Because these observers do not work near zero speed, an additional method is necessary to cover the full speed range. Unfortunately, methods using injection of additional signals do not fulfill the reliability and noise specifications in automotive applications so that speed sensors are still used as standard solution for these electrical drives. In this paper, a novel dual-mode position estimation structure is presented, which uses a ro¬bust, low resolution position sensor near zero speed. At normal speed, sensorless EMF-based principles are applied. The proposed method enables a smooth transition between the low speed operation and the fully sensorless operation. The approach is already implemented in a research vehicle with a hybrid propulsion system.

   Design Considerations for Sensorless Control of PMSM Drive Based on Extended Kalman Filter
By PEROUTKA Zdenek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents different structures of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) that can be employed in PMSM drives without either speed or position sensor. The contribution compares different machine models eligible for prediction step of EKF and discusses their benefits and drawbacks. In order to simplify the fixed-point implementation, specific simulation method is proposed. This method speed-ups control system prototyping and filter tuning under real conditions.

   DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENSORLESS INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES WITH TWO CONTROL SYSTEMS BASED ON MULTISCALAR MODELS
By LEWICKI Arkadiusz; WLAS Miroslaw [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Application of the speed observer to two types of non-linear control systems of the induction motor is considered in the paper. The control systems are based on multiscalar models of the induction motor.The first one is the control system based on stator current and rotor flux vectors. The second is a new multiscalar model based on stator current and stator flux vectors. In this two types of the induction motor model non-linear change of variables and non-linear feedback transform the systems into two independently controlled linear systems. Properties of the control systems are considered in dependence on two types of the multiscalar models of the induction motor pointed out in the paper. Simulations and experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme at low and high rotor speed.

   Evaluation of A Hybrid Sensorless Position Observer for Brushless DC Motors
By GRAINGER Steven; ALLAN Malcolm [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A hybrid sensorless position system has been developed that offers the possibility of achieving improved performance over existing schemes. Through the use of a brushless DC motor model (BLDCM) a range of possible machine parameters are established. These are used with a PSpice model of the BLDCM’s electrical sub-system to obtain simulated phase voltage and current data with which the sensorless system may be tested for robustness to variation in motor parameters.Having established the performance under simulation, performance is then analysed with experimental data and results are presented. The sensorless system is shown to be extremely robust to parameter variation

   Improvement of Position-Sensing Characteristics in Self-Sensing Active Magnetic Bearings
By MIYASHITA Osamu; YOSHIDA Toshiya; OHNIWA Katsumi; MORITA Kozo [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An improvement technique of position-sensing characteristics in self-sensing active magnetic bearings is proposed. Winding-current interference to the estimated position signal is reduced by a modified signal path. The gain and phase characteristics of the proposed self-sensing method agree well with a reference sensor signal up to over 1 kHz.

   Practical implementation of the sensorless field oriented control of a PMSM for wide speed range.
By PETZOLDT JueRgen; PERASSI Hector; BERGER Gotthard [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of the sensorless field oriented control of a surface mounted permanent magnet machine for wide speed range. From standstill up to a certain low speed range a high-frequency carrier signal based model is employed. The injected test signal is a rotating voltage vector in the stator reference frame and the rotor angle is estimated by filtering and demodulating of the resultant high frequency currents. A modified PWM signal generation algorithm is implemented to extremely reduce the dead-time, in order to overcome the effects of the inverter non-linearity in the estimation process. A hybrid flux estimator based on the voltage model of the machine, dominating at higher speed, is used combined with the signal injection model. Even a smooth transition between them is achieved. The experimental measurements show the effective performance of the position estimation method, which is implemented on a low cost fixed-point DSP.

   Rotor flux and speed estimators for induction motor drives. A performance evaluation
By ZELECHOWSKI Marcin; ROZANSKI Piotr; TEODORESCU Remus; LACH Piotr; BLAABJERG Frede [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Flux and rotor speed observer is required for sensorless control of induction motor. This paper shows some different methods of estimation. There are two flux and three rotor speed estimators, which were chosen from the most promising methods presented in literature. Description of control system with TMS320F2812 DSP and experimental results of proposed algorithms are given too.

   Sensorless Control For PMSM With Reduced Order Torque Observer Associated To Kalman Filter
By CALEGARI Lionel; FADEL Maurice; ASTIER S.; GASC Laurent [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a robust observer based on association of a reduced order torque observer and Kalman Filter. This approach makes it possible on the one hand to the control of PM synchronous motor without position encoder in spite of torque load variations and on the other hand, it makes it possible to reduce the ripple torque.

   Sensorless control of PM synchronous motors and brushless DC motors. An overview and evaluation.
By MONTESINOS Daniel; SUDRIA Antoni; GOMIS Oriol; BLAABJERG Frede; GALCERAN Samuel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper provides a review of the literature addressing sensorless operation methods of PM brushless machines. The methods explained are state-of-the-art of open and closed loop control strategies. The closed loop review includes those methods based on voltage and current measurements,those methods based on back emf measurements, and those methods based on novel techniques not included in the previous categories. The paper concludes with a comparison table including all main features for all control strategies.

   Sensorless Instantaneous Power Control of Induction Machines
By BETZ Robert; SUMMERS Terry [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper investigates the performance of two sensorless control techniques applied to the novel Instantaneous Power Control algorithm for induction machines. The techniques use imaginary power as their basis and do not require any modifications to the machine. The use of imaginary power means that the algorithms are insensitive to stator resistance, which potentially allows accurate speed estimation even at low speeds.

   Sensorless Speed Operation of Cage Induction Motor using Zero Drift Feedback Integration with MRAS Observer
By SUMNER Mark; SPITERI STAINES Cyril; GAO Qiang; ASHER Greg [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper investigates the improvement in sensorless vector control of induction machines through the use of a non-linear feedback integrator embedded in a standard rotor flux Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS)-based observer. The feedback integrator compensates for drift and dc-offset and is capable of open loop flux estimation down to frequencies below 0.1Hz. The paper presents experimental results of sensorless speed controlled induction motor exploiting a MRAS observer. The sensorless system shows good performance down to frequencies of 0.2Hz.

EPE 2005 - Topic 11-4b - DS: Sensorless techniques
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2005 - Conference > EPE 2005 - Topic 11: HIGH PERFORMANCE DRIVES > EPE 2005 - Topic 11-4b - DS: Sensorless techniques
	[return to parent folder]

	A COMPARISON OF SENSORLESS SPEED ESTIMATION FOR A DOUBLY FED INDUCTION MACHINE By GHOSN Ragi; PIETRZA; SALLOUM Georges; DE FORNEL Bernard	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Controlled doubly fed induction motors without mechanical sensors give a low cost algorithms and a higher reliability. Three representative approaches are considered in this paper for speed estimation: MRAS estimation, Kalman filter and the injection of a high frequency stator voltage. The methods are compared in term of their sensitivity to electrical and mechanical parameters variation and their speed tracking capability.

	A Self-Sensing Active Magnetic Bearing with Zero-Bias-Current Control By OHNIWA Katsumi; KATO Yuki; MIYASHITA Osamu; YOSHIDA Toshiya	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A zero-bias-current self-sensing active magnetic bearing is proposed. One degree-of-freedom (DOF) of the rotor is controlled by a pair of electromagnets, which are alternatively energized by the proposed circuit. The rotor position of the one DOF is measured by using both electromagnets: the non-energized electromagnet also contributes to the position sensing. The proposed method gives good linearity in the position estimation. The controller of the magnetic levitation consists of a digital signal processor, DSP, which compensates the nonlinearity of the magnetic force and achieves good damping.

	A Versatile Zero Speed Sensorless Position Detection Technique for PMSMs By HOLLIDAY Derrick; BUDDEN Alan; MELLOR Phil	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A versatile sensorless zero-speed position sensing algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented. The strategy is applicable to any brushless permanent magnet machine that exhibits magnetic saliency. It is computationally simple and fast and can be used with machines that exhibit distorted saliencies. Experimental results show that the position measurement scheme can be used with different machine topologies and that it exhibits excellent agreement with results obtained using a resolver.

	APPLICATION OF THE MATRIX CONVERTER FOR THE SENSORLESS POSITION CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET AC MACHINES USING HIGH FREQUENCY INJECTION By ASHER Greg; ROMERAL Luis; ARIAS Antoni; SUMNER Mark; SALTIVERI David	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of a Matrix Converter for the sensorless position control of a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine using High Frequency injection. The Matrix Converter has almost zero dead time, which means that behaves almost like an ideal power converter and achieves better results than the conventional Voltage Source Inverter. A comparison of the sensorless technique proposed using both converters is made.

	Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Dual-Mode Position Estimation By BOECKER Joachim; KROeGER Claus	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Optimal torque control of permanent magnet motors requires precise position information of the rotor. Normally, high resolution sensors for position measurement do not meet the robustness requirements for vehicles. In view of robustness and reliability, speed sensorless methods like EMF-based observers are favored for motor control in such applications. Because these observers do not work near zero speed, an additional method is necessary to cover the full speed range. Unfortunately, methods using injection of additional signals do not fulfill the reliability and noise specifications in automotive applications so that speed sensors are still used as standard solution for these electrical drives. In this paper, a novel dual-mode position estimation structure is presented, which uses a ro¬bust, low resolution position sensor near zero speed. At normal speed, sensorless EMF-based principles are applied. The proposed method enables a smooth transition between the low speed operation and the fully sensorless operation. The approach is already implemented in a research vehicle with a hybrid propulsion system.

	Design Considerations for Sensorless Control of PMSM Drive Based on Extended Kalman Filter By PEROUTKA Zdenek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents different structures of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) that can be employed in PMSM drives without either speed or position sensor. The contribution compares different machine models eligible for prediction step of EKF and discusses their benefits and drawbacks. In order to simplify the fixed-point implementation, specific simulation method is proposed. This method speed-ups control system prototyping and filter tuning under real conditions.

	DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENSORLESS INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES WITH TWO CONTROL SYSTEMS BASED ON MULTISCALAR MODELS By LEWICKI Arkadiusz; WLAS Miroslaw	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Application of the speed observer to two types of non-linear control systems of the induction motor is considered in the paper. The control systems are based on multiscalar models of the induction motor.The first one is the control system based on stator current and rotor flux vectors. The second is a new multiscalar model based on stator current and stator flux vectors. In this two types of the induction motor model non-linear change of variables and non-linear feedback transform the systems into two independently controlled linear systems. Properties of the control systems are considered in dependence on two types of the multiscalar models of the induction motor pointed out in the paper. Simulations and experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme at low and high rotor speed.

	Evaluation of A Hybrid Sensorless Position Observer for Brushless DC Motors By GRAINGER Steven; ALLAN Malcolm	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A hybrid sensorless position system has been developed that offers the possibility of achieving improved performance over existing schemes. Through the use of a brushless DC motor model (BLDCM) a range of possible machine parameters are established. These are used with a PSpice model of the BLDCM’s electrical sub-system to obtain simulated phase voltage and current data with which the sensorless system may be tested for robustness to variation in motor parameters.Having established the performance under simulation, performance is then analysed with experimental data and results are presented. The sensorless system is shown to be extremely robust to parameter variation

	Improvement of Position-Sensing Characteristics in Self-Sensing Active Magnetic Bearings By MIYASHITA Osamu; YOSHIDA Toshiya; OHNIWA Katsumi; MORITA Kozo	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An improvement technique of position-sensing characteristics in self-sensing active magnetic bearings is proposed. Winding-current interference to the estimated position signal is reduced by a modified signal path. The gain and phase characteristics of the proposed self-sensing method agree well with a reference sensor signal up to over 1 kHz.

	Practical implementation of the sensorless field oriented control of a PMSM for wide speed range. By PETZOLDT JueRgen; PERASSI Hector; BERGER Gotthard	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of the sensorless field oriented control of a surface mounted permanent magnet machine for wide speed range. From standstill up to a certain low speed range a high-frequency carrier signal based model is employed. The injected test signal is a rotating voltage vector in the stator reference frame and the rotor angle is estimated by filtering and demodulating of the resultant high frequency currents. A modified PWM signal generation algorithm is implemented to extremely reduce the dead-time, in order to overcome the effects of the inverter non-linearity in the estimation process. A hybrid flux estimator based on the voltage model of the machine, dominating at higher speed, is used combined with the signal injection model. Even a smooth transition between them is achieved. The experimental measurements show the effective performance of the position estimation method, which is implemented on a low cost fixed-point DSP.

	Rotor flux and speed estimators for induction motor drives. A performance evaluation By ZELECHOWSKI Marcin; ROZANSKI Piotr; TEODORESCU Remus; LACH Piotr; BLAABJERG Frede	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Flux and rotor speed observer is required for sensorless control of induction motor. This paper shows some different methods of estimation. There are two flux and three rotor speed estimators, which were chosen from the most promising methods presented in literature. Description of control system with TMS320F2812 DSP and experimental results of proposed algorithms are given too.

	Sensorless Control For PMSM With Reduced Order Torque Observer Associated To Kalman Filter By CALEGARI Lionel; FADEL Maurice; ASTIER S.; GASC Laurent	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a robust observer based on association of a reduced order torque observer and Kalman Filter. This approach makes it possible on the one hand to the control of PM synchronous motor without position encoder in spite of torque load variations and on the other hand, it makes it possible to reduce the ripple torque.

	Sensorless control of PM synchronous motors and brushless DC motors. An overview and evaluation. By MONTESINOS Daniel; SUDRIA Antoni; GOMIS Oriol; BLAABJERG Frede; GALCERAN Samuel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper provides a review of the literature addressing sensorless operation methods of PM brushless machines. The methods explained are state-of-the-art of open and closed loop control strategies. The closed loop review includes those methods based on voltage and current measurements,those methods based on back emf measurements, and those methods based on novel techniques not included in the previous categories. The paper concludes with a comparison table including all main features for all control strategies.

	Sensorless Instantaneous Power Control of Induction Machines By BETZ Robert; SUMMERS Terry	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper investigates the performance of two sensorless control techniques applied to the novel Instantaneous Power Control algorithm for induction machines. The techniques use imaginary power as their basis and do not require any modifications to the machine. The use of imaginary power means that the algorithms are insensitive to stator resistance, which potentially allows accurate speed estimation even at low speeds.

	Sensorless Speed Operation of Cage Induction Motor using Zero Drift Feedback Integration with MRAS Observer By SUMNER Mark; SPITERI STAINES Cyril; GAO Qiang; ASHER Greg	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper investigates the improvement in sensorless vector control of induction machines through the use of a non-linear feedback integrator embedded in a standard rotor flux Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS)-based observer. The feedback integrator compensates for drift and dc-offset and is capable of open loop flux estimation down to frequencies below 0.1Hz. The paper presents experimental results of sensorless speed controlled induction motor exploiting a MRAS observer. The sensorless system shows good performance down to frequencies of 0.2Hz.