EPE Association: Pelincec 2005 - 12: Dialog I

Pelincec 2005 - 12: Dialog I - Induction Motor Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 05 - EPE Supported Conference Proceedings > Pelincec 2005 > Pelincec 2005 - 12: Dialog I - Induction Motor Drives

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   DTC-SVM Drive with ANN-based Speed Controller
By Lech M. Grzesiak, Vincent Meganck, Jakub Sobolewski, Bartlomiej Ufnalski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper investigates possible advantages from using an adaptive ANN (Artificial Neural Network)-based speed controller in a DTC-SVM (Direct Torque Controlled-Space Vector Modulated) drive. According to the model-free control design concept, we prepared a neural network control system in which the emulator of the object is no required at any stage. An on-line trained ANN serves as a speed controller and does not need a process model to predict future performance. To increase the stability and convergence of the algorithm, we used the Resilient backpropagation (Rprop) adaptive learning scheme, which modifies the update values for each weight according to the behaviour of the sequence of partial derivatives in each dimension. Proposed control algorithm has been tested in simulation and verified experimentally. The behaviour of the drive has been compared to the one with classical PI speed controller with fixed settings.

   A Review on the Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors
By Domenico Casadei, Giovanni Serra, Angelo Tani, Luca Zarri [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Among all control methods for induction motor drives, Direct Torque Control (DTC) seems to be particularly interesting being independent of machine rotor parameters and requiring no speed or position sensors. The DTC scheme is characterized by the absence of PI regulators, coordinate transformations, current regulators and PWM signals generators. In spite of its simplicity, DTC allows a good torque control in steady state and transient operating conditions to be obtained. However, the presence of hysteresis controllers for flux and torque could determine torque and current ripple and variable switching frequency operation for the voltage source inverter. This paper is aimed to analyze DTC principles, the strategies and the problems related to its implementation and the possible improvements.

   Flux Identification in Field-Oriented Controlled Drive by Recurrent Neural Networks
By I.V. Smetana, A.O. Lozynsky [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new recurrent neural network (RNN) structure for the rotor flux vector identification in Field-Oriented Control (FOC) drive is presented. Using conventional approaches to the ANN estimator design which are mostly based on the previous experience of researchers the FOC drive system functioning becomes unstable. To overcome this problem some modifications are proposed. The results obtained with the mathematical model of the system and the experimental setup on the basis of DSP microcontroller are presented.

   NOVEL SENSORLESS VECTOR CONTROL
By Pedro Ponce, Juan C. Ramirez, A. Sandoval, G. Medina [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a speed controller of an induction motor and its vector control. The method used in this scheme is an indirect vector control method, in which the rotor speed is estimated using a speed fuzzy logic estimator. One of its inputs is the load torque, estimated by a load torque observer. The other input is the quadrature axis current, which has directly relationship with the electromagnetic torque. Additionally a torque feedforward control is used in the scheme proposed. The simulation results validate the proposed scheme.

   RESULTS OF TESTING A VECTOR CONTROLLED AC TRAM DRIVE
By Piotr Chudzik, Andrzej Dêbowski, Grzegorz Lisowski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with control problems of an AC tram drive designed for modernization of existing trams in Poland. The described tram drive was built for ZKM Elbl¹g in cooperation with the firm ENIKA in £ódŸ. During the street tests behavior of the drive the electric and dynamic transient states accompanying accelerating and electromagnetic braking of the tram were carefully observed. At the same time as the real tram real drive was designed an simulation model (using PSIM software) was created. Examples of transients for some electric and electromagnetic signals recorded during the tram tests and observed in the simulation model are enclosed and compared.

   The Dynamic Analysis of Electrical Shaft (ESh) fed from PWM Voltage Source and with Common Capacity in Rotor’s circuit
By S. Fellag, A. Boukadoum, A. Boukhelifa [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper is presented a dynamic study of electrical shaft with both common resistance and common capacity. The simulation results were got thanks to mathematical model presented in this study. The behaviour of this system in numerous situations: synchronic and asynchrony load carrying …and in case when associated to PWM converter are shown and discussed.

   Sensorless Field Oriented Control of the Induction Motor Drive Using the Extended Kalman Filter
By Krzysztof. P. Dyrcz, Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with the application of the extended Kalman filters for state and parameter estimation of the induction motor in the sensorless drive system. The mathematical models of the extended Kalman filters used for rotor flux and speed estimation as well as for rotor time constant estimation were presented. Some simulation results were shown in the paper. The influence of parameters of the induction motor equivalent circuit on the state variable estimation quality was described. The problem of suitable choice of Kalman filter parameters, such as elements of the covariance matrix Q, was also discussed. The practical realization of such Kalman filters using DSP was demonstrated and their application for sensorless control of the induction motor was tested in the laboratory set-up.

   Adaptive Variable Structure Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Machine
By François Bonnet, Paul-Etienne Vidal, Maria Pietrzak-David [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents an original control strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) which both stator and rotor circuits are connected to Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). This configuration reduces the power converters size. In the proposed system model, we consider the flux as state variables and no more the currents. As a Direct Torque Control strategy, instead of using PWM linked with an equivalent nonlinear control method, we proposed to apply a Variable Structure Control (VSC) strategy with adapted switching tables to regulate the fluxes and the electromagnetic torque. Transient and steady states behaviour are validated by ”SABER” software simulations where all digital control is implemented in C language and introduced in SABER environment. This quasi-experimental methology allows to verify the system working in real operating conditions

   Indirect Sensing for Rotor Position of SRM with Improved Start up Algorithm
By Yong-Ho Yoon, Yuen-Chung Kim, Won-Cheol Lee, Chung-Yuen Won, Ji-Won Kim [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) have not been widely deployed in practical applications because of their large torque ripple, acoustic noise and low power factors. In addition, a traditional position sensor is required for control. Therefore, an improved sensorless drive method of SRMs using impressed voltage pulses, is proposed. The conventional impressed voltage pulse method suffers from the problem of phase delay because of low-pass filter utilization. Therefore, in this paper an improved sensorless driving method, based on the impressed voltage pulse using new phase-shift circuit technique, overcoming the phase delay and start-up problem, is proposed. This method can be used to develop the inductance profile based on the sensorless control scheme, to run the SRM from standstill to high speed. The proposed method is implemented in a simple analog circuit instead of using an expensive DSP.

   STANDARD TEST PROTOCOL TO CHARACTERIZE ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVE BEHAVIOR DURING VOLTAGE DIPS
By M. Teixidó, Q. López, A. Sumper, S. Galceran, M. Zelechowski, A. Sudrià [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Susceptibility of adjustable speed drives (ASD) against voltage dips it has been a red-hot issue in the last years. European standards concerning electromagnetic compatibility in the section of voltage dips do not allow characterization of ASD performance when a voltage dip occurs. Papers published about this subject are focused on the theoretical study of the effects of dips on ASD and alternative methods for testing voltage dip immunity of this equipment. But in the former, only undervoltage trip has been usually taken into account; and, in the latter, the criterion used to decide when the ASD fails is not suitable in all cases. Firstly this paper will briefly analyze why an ASD trips when there is a voltage dip. Secondly a test will be proposed with two main goals: (a) to offer a novel, simplified and affordable test protocol, and (b) to achieve test results useful for ASD users. To accomplish this second goal, energetic immunity and control immunity will be introduced to take into account process necessities where ASD is integrated.

   Minimization of torque pulsation in switched reluctance machines with application of instantaneous torque control in the range of motor and generator operation
By Piotr Bogusz [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Methods of instantaneous torque control for the motor and generator operation of switched reluctance machine are presented in this paper. Decrease of torque pulsation in these machines is a result of these control methods applied. Paper includes experimental and simulation results recorded during control with use of proposed methods.

   Application of the Extended Kalman Filters in the Control Structure of Two-mass System
By Krzysztof P. Dyrcz, Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska, Krzysztof Szabat [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with the application of the extended Kalman filters in the control structure of a twomass drive system. In the first step only linear extended Kalman filter was used for the estimation of mechanical variables of the drive including load torque value. The estimation algorithm showed good robustness to mechanical parameters variations. For the system with some parameters changing in the wide range, simultaneous estimation of the state variables and chosen system parameters is required. For this reason the non-linear extended Kalman filter, which estimates simultaneously state variables and mechanical parameters of the two-mass drive system, was applied. Parameters of covariance matrices of used Kalman Filters were set using the genetic algorithm. Both proposed estimators were investigated in simulation and experimental tests, in open-loop operation and in the statefeedback control system of the two-mass system.

   ESTIMATION OF MOTOR MODEL PARAMETERS AT STAND-STILL FOR PWM INVERTER-FED INDUCTION MACHINE.
By Dariusz Sobczuk, Wojciech Kolomyjski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Paper presents practical method for electrical parameters estimation of PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) inverter-fed induction motor. In all experiments two of three phases are given the same potential so no torque is generated and motor is at stand-still In experiment two phase currents and DClink voltage are measured.

   Sensorless Stator Flux Vector Control with Fixed-Point Full-Order Flux Observer
By Jacek Lis [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with chosen problems of the fixedpoint implementation of the full-order state observer applied to an induction motor sensorless drive controlled by means of the SFVC method. The results of simulations tests are presented for both fixed-point and floating point implementation of the considered control scheme. The simulation tests were verified in experimental tests.

   The Influence of Parameter Mismatch on Natural Field Orientation Controlled Induction Motor Speed Estimation
By Darko Ostojiæ, Veran Vasiæ, Dra¾en Dujiæ, Djura Oros [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The present paper will discuss sensorless induction motor drives employiong natural field orientation (NFO) based on rotor flux orientation. So far only NFO stator flux control strategies have been discussed in the literature. Unlike the known realizations, method uses rotor flux oriented FOC, avoiding coupling between stator currents and attaining better responses. Although control algorithm is independent from variation of rotor resistance, there is strong influence of mismatch between command and actual value of rotor resistance and estimated speed. For speed estimation method uses simple estimation formula, which sensitivity to parameter change has also been investigated. Extensive experimentation is conducted at low speeds of rotation.

   Drive systems with medium voltage power electronic converters in Polish industry
By Wlodzimierz Koczara, Zbigniew Szulc [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Medium voltage power electronic converters are used more often in electric drive systems. In 2000 first successful applications of medium voltage converters to induction motors in Polish industry were started. In this paper author’s application conceptions and verification of working drive systems are presented. Applications concerned supply water pumps in heat and power stations, water pumps in chemical plants, ventilators and starting of paper refiner mill. Frequently motors in these applications were used and not specially adapted for supplying from power converters. For this reason output voltage and current of power converters were especially analyzed. Technical and economical effects after several years of operation are also presented.

Pelincec 2005 - 12: Dialog I - Induction Motor Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 05 - EPE Supported Conference Proceedings > Pelincec 2005 > Pelincec 2005 - 12: Dialog I - Induction Motor Drives
	[return to parent folder]

	DTC-SVM Drive with ANN-based Speed Controller By Lech M. Grzesiak, Vincent Meganck, Jakub Sobolewski, Bartlomiej Ufnalski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper investigates possible advantages from using an adaptive ANN (Artificial Neural Network)-based speed controller in a DTC-SVM (Direct Torque Controlled-Space Vector Modulated) drive. According to the model-free control design concept, we prepared a neural network control system in which the emulator of the object is no required at any stage. An on-line trained ANN serves as a speed controller and does not need a process model to predict future performance. To increase the stability and convergence of the algorithm, we used the Resilient backpropagation (Rprop) adaptive learning scheme, which modifies the update values for each weight according to the behaviour of the sequence of partial derivatives in each dimension. Proposed control algorithm has been tested in simulation and verified experimentally. The behaviour of the drive has been compared to the one with classical PI speed controller with fixed settings.

	A Review on the Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors By Domenico Casadei, Giovanni Serra, Angelo Tani, Luca Zarri	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Among all control methods for induction motor drives, Direct Torque Control (DTC) seems to be particularly interesting being independent of machine rotor parameters and requiring no speed or position sensors. The DTC scheme is characterized by the absence of PI regulators, coordinate transformations, current regulators and PWM signals generators. In spite of its simplicity, DTC allows a good torque control in steady state and transient operating conditions to be obtained. However, the presence of hysteresis controllers for flux and torque could determine torque and current ripple and variable switching frequency operation for the voltage source inverter. This paper is aimed to analyze DTC principles, the strategies and the problems related to its implementation and the possible improvements.

	Flux Identification in Field-Oriented Controlled Drive by Recurrent Neural Networks By I.V. Smetana, A.O. Lozynsky	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new recurrent neural network (RNN) structure for the rotor flux vector identification in Field-Oriented Control (FOC) drive is presented. Using conventional approaches to the ANN estimator design which are mostly based on the previous experience of researchers the FOC drive system functioning becomes unstable. To overcome this problem some modifications are proposed. The results obtained with the mathematical model of the system and the experimental setup on the basis of DSP microcontroller are presented.

	NOVEL SENSORLESS VECTOR CONTROL By Pedro Ponce, Juan C. Ramirez, A. Sandoval, G. Medina	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a speed controller of an induction motor and its vector control. The method used in this scheme is an indirect vector control method, in which the rotor speed is estimated using a speed fuzzy logic estimator. One of its inputs is the load torque, estimated by a load torque observer. The other input is the quadrature axis current, which has directly relationship with the electromagnetic torque. Additionally a torque feedforward control is used in the scheme proposed. The simulation results validate the proposed scheme.

	RESULTS OF TESTING A VECTOR CONTROLLED AC TRAM DRIVE By Piotr Chudzik, Andrzej Dêbowski, Grzegorz Lisowski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with control problems of an AC tram drive designed for modernization of existing trams in Poland. The described tram drive was built for ZKM Elbl¹g in cooperation with the firm ENIKA in £ódŸ. During the street tests behavior of the drive the electric and dynamic transient states accompanying accelerating and electromagnetic braking of the tram were carefully observed. At the same time as the real tram real drive was designed an simulation model (using PSIM software) was created. Examples of transients for some electric and electromagnetic signals recorded during the tram tests and observed in the simulation model are enclosed and compared.

	The Dynamic Analysis of Electrical Shaft (ESh) fed from PWM Voltage Source and with Common Capacity in Rotor’s circuit By S. Fellag, A. Boukadoum, A. Boukhelifa	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper is presented a dynamic study of electrical shaft with both common resistance and common capacity. The simulation results were got thanks to mathematical model presented in this study. The behaviour of this system in numerous situations: synchronic and asynchrony load carrying …and in case when associated to PWM converter are shown and discussed.

	Sensorless Field Oriented Control of the Induction Motor Drive Using the Extended Kalman Filter By Krzysztof. P. Dyrcz, Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with the application of the extended Kalman filters for state and parameter estimation of the induction motor in the sensorless drive system. The mathematical models of the extended Kalman filters used for rotor flux and speed estimation as well as for rotor time constant estimation were presented. Some simulation results were shown in the paper. The influence of parameters of the induction motor equivalent circuit on the state variable estimation quality was described. The problem of suitable choice of Kalman filter parameters, such as elements of the covariance matrix Q, was also discussed. The practical realization of such Kalman filters using DSP was demonstrated and their application for sensorless control of the induction motor was tested in the laboratory set-up.

	Adaptive Variable Structure Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Machine By François Bonnet, Paul-Etienne Vidal, Maria Pietrzak-David	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents an original control strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) which both stator and rotor circuits are connected to Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). This configuration reduces the power converters size. In the proposed system model, we consider the flux as state variables and no more the currents. As a Direct Torque Control strategy, instead of using PWM linked with an equivalent nonlinear control method, we proposed to apply a Variable Structure Control (VSC) strategy with adapted switching tables to regulate the fluxes and the electromagnetic torque. Transient and steady states behaviour are validated by ”SABER” software simulations where all digital control is implemented in C language and introduced in SABER environment. This quasi-experimental methology allows to verify the system working in real operating conditions

	Indirect Sensing for Rotor Position of SRM with Improved Start up Algorithm By Yong-Ho Yoon, Yuen-Chung Kim, Won-Cheol Lee, Chung-Yuen Won, Ji-Won Kim	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) have not been widely deployed in practical applications because of their large torque ripple, acoustic noise and low power factors. In addition, a traditional position sensor is required for control. Therefore, an improved sensorless drive method of SRMs using impressed voltage pulses, is proposed. The conventional impressed voltage pulse method suffers from the problem of phase delay because of low-pass filter utilization. Therefore, in this paper an improved sensorless driving method, based on the impressed voltage pulse using new phase-shift circuit technique, overcoming the phase delay and start-up problem, is proposed. This method can be used to develop the inductance profile based on the sensorless control scheme, to run the SRM from standstill to high speed. The proposed method is implemented in a simple analog circuit instead of using an expensive DSP.

	STANDARD TEST PROTOCOL TO CHARACTERIZE ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVE BEHAVIOR DURING VOLTAGE DIPS By M. Teixidó, Q. López, A. Sumper, S. Galceran, M. Zelechowski, A. Sudrià	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Susceptibility of adjustable speed drives (ASD) against voltage dips it has been a red-hot issue in the last years. European standards concerning electromagnetic compatibility in the section of voltage dips do not allow characterization of ASD performance when a voltage dip occurs. Papers published about this subject are focused on the theoretical study of the effects of dips on ASD and alternative methods for testing voltage dip immunity of this equipment. But in the former, only undervoltage trip has been usually taken into account; and, in the latter, the criterion used to decide when the ASD fails is not suitable in all cases. Firstly this paper will briefly analyze why an ASD trips when there is a voltage dip. Secondly a test will be proposed with two main goals: (a) to offer a novel, simplified and affordable test protocol, and (b) to achieve test results useful for ASD users. To accomplish this second goal, energetic immunity and control immunity will be introduced to take into account process necessities where ASD is integrated.

	Minimization of torque pulsation in switched reluctance machines with application of instantaneous torque control in the range of motor and generator operation By Piotr Bogusz	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Methods of instantaneous torque control for the motor and generator operation of switched reluctance machine are presented in this paper. Decrease of torque pulsation in these machines is a result of these control methods applied. Paper includes experimental and simulation results recorded during control with use of proposed methods.

	Application of the Extended Kalman Filters in the Control Structure of Two-mass System By Krzysztof P. Dyrcz, Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska, Krzysztof Szabat	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with the application of the extended Kalman filters in the control structure of a twomass drive system. In the first step only linear extended Kalman filter was used for the estimation of mechanical variables of the drive including load torque value. The estimation algorithm showed good robustness to mechanical parameters variations. For the system with some parameters changing in the wide range, simultaneous estimation of the state variables and chosen system parameters is required. For this reason the non-linear extended Kalman filter, which estimates simultaneously state variables and mechanical parameters of the two-mass drive system, was applied. Parameters of covariance matrices of used Kalman Filters were set using the genetic algorithm. Both proposed estimators were investigated in simulation and experimental tests, in open-loop operation and in the statefeedback control system of the two-mass system.

	ESTIMATION OF MOTOR MODEL PARAMETERS AT STAND-STILL FOR PWM INVERTER-FED INDUCTION MACHINE. By Dariusz Sobczuk, Wojciech Kolomyjski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Paper presents practical method for electrical parameters estimation of PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) inverter-fed induction motor. In all experiments two of three phases are given the same potential so no torque is generated and motor is at stand-still In experiment two phase currents and DClink voltage are measured.

	Sensorless Stator Flux Vector Control with Fixed-Point Full-Order Flux Observer By Jacek Lis	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with chosen problems of the fixedpoint implementation of the full-order state observer applied to an induction motor sensorless drive controlled by means of the SFVC method. The results of simulations tests are presented for both fixed-point and floating point implementation of the considered control scheme. The simulation tests were verified in experimental tests.

	The Influence of Parameter Mismatch on Natural Field Orientation Controlled Induction Motor Speed Estimation By Darko Ostojiæ, Veran Vasiæ, Dra¾en Dujiæ, Djura Oros	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The present paper will discuss sensorless induction motor drives employiong natural field orientation (NFO) based on rotor flux orientation. So far only NFO stator flux control strategies have been discussed in the literature. Unlike the known realizations, method uses rotor flux oriented FOC, avoiding coupling between stator currents and attaining better responses. Although control algorithm is independent from variation of rotor resistance, there is strong influence of mismatch between command and actual value of rotor resistance and estimated speed. For speed estimation method uses simple estimation formula, which sensitivity to parameter change has also been investigated. Extensive experimentation is conducted at low speeds of rotation.

	Drive systems with medium voltage power electronic converters in Polish industry By Wlodzimierz Koczara, Zbigniew Szulc	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Medium voltage power electronic converters are used more often in electric drive systems. In 2000 first successful applications of medium voltage converters to induction motors in Polish industry were started. In this paper author’s application conceptions and verification of working drive systems are presented. Applications concerned supply water pumps in heat and power stations, water pumps in chemical plants, ventilators and starting of paper refiner mill. Frequently motors in these applications were used and not specially adapted for supplying from power converters. For this reason output voltage and current of power converters were especially analyzed. Technical and economical effects after several years of operation are also presented.