EPE Association: EPE 2005 - Topic 13-6b - DS: Marine and rail applications, energy storage and management

EPE 2005 - Topic 13-6b - DS: Marine and rail applications, energy storage and management
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2005 - Conference > EPE 2005 - Topic 13: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES IN AEROSPACE, SPACE AND SURFACE TRANSPORT > EPE 2005 - Topic 13-6b - DS: Marine and rail applications, energy storage and management

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   A novel power control method achieving high reliability of auxiliary power supply system for trains.
By IRANIDA Satoru [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A novel power control method for auxiliary power supply system for trains as one of methods can realize high reliability of the system is proposed in this paper. Auxiliary power system consists of two or more auxiliary power supply converters (APSs) are directory connected to the common AC bus line and are providing electric power to loads on the train in cooperation. The bus line voltage is controlled with one of the APSs and output power and its power factor of the other APSs are controlled same as those of the bus line voltage controlling one so that the output power of the APSs are balanced with no circulating current between APSs is realized. Test results show that the output powers of the APSs are balanced with the control. The system can supply electric power to the loads without any interruption of electric service with the control method even if the APS(s) is/are failed.

   Advanced Anti-slip and Anti-skid Re-adhesion Control Considering Air Brake for Electric Train
By YASUKAWA Shinobu; SANO Takashi; OHISHI Kiyoshi; HATA Tadashi [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The improvement of adhesion characteristics is important in electric commuter train. We have already proposed the anti-slip/skid re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer and sensor-less vector control. Generally, the actual train uses both electric brake and air brake in the high-speed range.Then, this paper discuss on an anti-skid re-adhesion control system of electric train considering air brake by using the tangential force estimator based on disturbance observer. We apply the proposed method to the actual electric multiple units, which are Series 205-5000. The experimental results using actual electric train point out that the proposed system has the desired anti-slip and anti-skid re-adhesion control performance.

   Capacitive energy storage device to cover voltage-drops in transportation vehicles
By MACAN Miroslav; COBANOV Neven [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A capacitive energy storage device to cover voltage-drops of the input voltage in transportation vehicles is proposed. The system has been designed as an energy-source to be placed at DC-bus of DC/AC power inverters. Simulation and experimental results are also presented to verify the analysis. Experimental results have been recorded from a prototype.

   Comparison of single and two stage topologies for interface of BESS or Fuel Cell system using the ABB standard Power Electronics Building Blocks
By STEINKE Juergen; STEIMER Peter; PONNALURI Srinivas; LINHOFER Gerhard [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The two most popular topologies used to interface the DC voltage sources such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), Fuel Cells with the AC network are the single and two stage topologies. In case of the single stage topology the BESS or the Fuel Cell system is directly connected to the dc link of a voltage source converter and the voltage source converter is interfaced to the low voltage grid with a transformer. A two-stage solution is realized using a DC-DC conversion stage followed by a DC-AC conversion stage. The DC-DC stage boosts the DC voltage so that the DC-AC stage can be directly interfaced to the low voltage grid. Detailed comparison of these topologies is carried out using battery voltage and the installed power as variables. The commercially available ABB standard Lopak PEBB’s are used for comparison of the topologies. Both solutions are offered by ABB mainly depending on the dc voltage level of the BESS.

   Elimination of high power delivery rates by energy storage in supercapacitors
By SCHNEUWLY Adrian; SARTORELLI Gianni; PEPPEL Torsten [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Temporary coverage of high peak power consumption requires a high power delivery rate also at low average power consumption. Consequently peak load coverage becomes economically expensive for the user.Using supercapacitors as energy storage can help to reduce the power delivery rate. The capability of storing energy can even substitute UPS for safety relevant systems.Two examples, an electrodynamic rail brake and a charging station for AutoTram, demonstrate applications of temporary high power requirement. By using supercapacitors the required power delivery rate could be reduced significantly. Applications in the field of low power networks have become feasible through the capability of parametrisation of the power consumption. The examples focus on the characteristic of the capacitors and the interaction with the power electronic and the load.

   Emergency Braking of a Free Piston Energy Converter
By WEST Martin; HOWE David; WANG Jiabin; BINGHAM Chris; LONG Steve [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Free piston energy converters are a potential technology for future hybrid vehicles, as well as stationary power generation applications. A candidate 2-stroke system comprises of two opposing combustion chambers with a common piston rod, and integrated with a tubular permanent magnet electrical machine for the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy. A key issue for the ultimate adoption of such systems, however, is their robustness in the event of a fault to enable a safe shutdown, with minimal mechanical or electrical damage. The paper considers system braking issues and the importance of early fault detection. Results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of passive and active braking techniques for a range of dc-link supply voltage and operating output powers.

   Energy efficient Drive System for a Diesel Electric Shunting Locomotive
By KOERNER Olaf; RECHENBERG Karsten; BRAND Jens [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Operation of a shunting locomotive consists of short drive cycles with fast acceleration, coasting and fast deceleration periods. This operation characteristic is ideally suited for application of an energy storage system like supercapacitors. In conjunction with a PM generator, this drive system can save a considerable amount of fuel.

   Evaluation of Induction Motor Speed Sensorless Control for Railway Vehicle Traction.
By KONDO Keiichiro [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper evaluates the control performance of a speed sensorless induction motor control method for railway vehicles traction, compared to vector control system with pulse generators as speed sensors, from the view points of flux behavior. The speed sensorless strategy is based on the rotor flux induced voltage and is expected its high performance as well vector control system with pulse generators. The control performance is verified from the viewpoint of the rotor flux, because the speed sensor is used for controlling the rotor flux with the indirect vector control strategy. This paper provides the way how to evaluate the speed sensorless control on the railway vehicle traction system. First, the proposed speed sensorless control strategy for railway vehicles is presented. Then, its basic control characteristic is evaluated by numerical simulation and further control functions that are peculiar to the railway traction application are rated by the experiments.

   Input Active Filter for the DC/DC Converter Supplied from the Traction Trolley Net
By GEREK Igor; HAVRILA Rastislav; SITAR JaN; RACEK Vladimir [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the design methodfor controlling of the entry filter for tram or trolleybus. The solution of entry filter must contain theswitch on/off modes and simulation of particularworking modes with fulfilling technical conditions andparameters.

   Measurement and Analysis of Line Interference Currents generated by an IGBT Four Quadrant Converter
By BOLLN Hauke; VAN DER WEEM Juergen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Strict interference current limits are existing for heavy rail lines. Multi system light rail vehicles, which use the heavy rail lines, have to comply with these current limits. Line interference current measurements were undertaken with a new type of IGBT Four Quadrant Converter installed on a vehicle. The measurement equipment and the method are described. The results show that the strict limits are kept reliably.

   Simulation and control of electrical ship network
By BELHAJ Mehdi; AIT AHMED Mourad; ABDELJALIL Lamya; BENKHORIS Mohamed Fouad [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In embarked networks: aeronautics, naval ..., the power is not infinite contrary to the classic energy distribution network.This paper deals with a general approach of embarked network modeling. The model built leads to a simulator which allows predicting network’s dynamic behavior in both transient and steady states. It allows highlighting various phenomena which can appear in the network (desynchronization, …).Moreover, in view of voltage and frequency control, a second modeling approach based on identification is used to synthesize voltage and frequency regulators.

   Speed Sensorless Vector Control for Rolling Stock
By SATO Tadanori; TAGUCHI Hiroshi; KOJIMA Tetsuro; ISHIDA Seiji; OHASHI Satoru; OGAWA Takashi [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A speed sensorless vector control (SLV) for rolling stock is introduced. The proposed SLV system meets the typical performance parameters of rolling stock, including initial speed estimation, stability in one-pulse mode operation, multiple motor drive operations, readhesion control using slip detection by estimated speed, and so on. In particular, we focused on the problem of starting from a backward motion. This is the most severe condition for SLV because they then operate in the zero-speed region. In this paper, a control algorithm for the zero-speed region is proposed and experimental results of a test run on a main line are presented to verify the validityof the proposed algorithm.

   Stabilized Series Compensation of Induction Machines in Motor Operation fed by Voltage Source Inverter
By VAN DER GIET Michael [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Series capacitors are proposed to overcome the reduction of torque with increasing speed in the fieldweakening range of induction motors. The operational behavior is studied, example applications are given and a control concept, based on state-space and field-oriented control, is proposed to stabilize the systemin motor operation.

   State-of-Charge and State-of-Health prediction of Lead-acid Batteries for Hybrid Electric Vehicles using non-linear observers
By BENTLEY Paul; BINGHAM Chris; BHANGU Bikramjit; STONE Dave [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper describes the application of state-estimation techniques for the real-time prediction of state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) of lead-acid cells. Approaches based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) are presented to provide correction for offset, drift and state divergence—an unfortunate feature of more traditional coulomb-counting techniques. Experimental results are employed to demonstrate the relative attributes of the proposed methodology.

   Technologies for increased energy efficiency in Railway systems
By GUNSELMANN Walter [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This article will give an overview of the various possibilities of increased energy efficiency in electrical railway systems. Not only the power systems in the main traction circuit will be emphasized, but also efficient solutions arising from auxiliary-optimization, reduced weight of the vehicles, aerodynamics and efficient rail automation.The main focus will be on the application of energy storage in traction systems.The stationary installation in substations will be described and the advantages demonstrated in a number of applications using different main strategies. A wide and varied range of benefits will arise from the typical application situation.

   Transformer used as a DC link filter inductance in DC high power traction applications
By PELLERIN Marc; CARPITA Mauro; ZUEGER Harry; STEFANUTTI Philippe [View]
[Download]

Abstract: For multi-system locomotives that have to be able to work under different supply conditions (e.g. a locomotive able to work under both the 3kV DC supply in Italy and the 15 kV 16,7 Hz AC supply in Switzerland) both an AC transformer/filter and a DC filter inductance are normally required. This paper describes the use of the secondary winding of the transformer, normally used when the traction drive is supplied by an AC network, as a filter inductance when the traction drive is supplied by a DC network. This choice allows to reduce the on-board passive elements. The possible instability problems created by the nonlinear characteristics of this inductance together with the high dynamic torque response of the drive have been addressed.A stabilisation algorithm to increase the DC link voltage damping characteristics of the systems is proposed.

EPE 2005 - Topic 13-6b - DS: Marine and rail applications, energy storage and management
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2005 - Conference > EPE 2005 - Topic 13: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES IN AEROSPACE, SPACE AND SURFACE TRANSPORT > EPE 2005 - Topic 13-6b - DS: Marine and rail applications, energy storage and management
	[return to parent folder]

	A novel power control method achieving high reliability of auxiliary power supply system for trains. By IRANIDA Satoru	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A novel power control method for auxiliary power supply system for trains as one of methods can realize high reliability of the system is proposed in this paper. Auxiliary power system consists of two or more auxiliary power supply converters (APSs) are directory connected to the common AC bus line and are providing electric power to loads on the train in cooperation. The bus line voltage is controlled with one of the APSs and output power and its power factor of the other APSs are controlled same as those of the bus line voltage controlling one so that the output power of the APSs are balanced with no circulating current between APSs is realized. Test results show that the output powers of the APSs are balanced with the control. The system can supply electric power to the loads without any interruption of electric service with the control method even if the APS(s) is/are failed.

	Advanced Anti-slip and Anti-skid Re-adhesion Control Considering Air Brake for Electric Train By YASUKAWA Shinobu; SANO Takashi; OHISHI Kiyoshi; HATA Tadashi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The improvement of adhesion characteristics is important in electric commuter train. We have already proposed the anti-slip/skid re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer and sensor-less vector control. Generally, the actual train uses both electric brake and air brake in the high-speed range.Then, this paper discuss on an anti-skid re-adhesion control system of electric train considering air brake by using the tangential force estimator based on disturbance observer. We apply the proposed method to the actual electric multiple units, which are Series 205-5000. The experimental results using actual electric train point out that the proposed system has the desired anti-slip and anti-skid re-adhesion control performance.

	Capacitive energy storage device to cover voltage-drops in transportation vehicles By MACAN Miroslav; COBANOV Neven	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A capacitive energy storage device to cover voltage-drops of the input voltage in transportation vehicles is proposed. The system has been designed as an energy-source to be placed at DC-bus of DC/AC power inverters. Simulation and experimental results are also presented to verify the analysis. Experimental results have been recorded from a prototype.

	Comparison of single and two stage topologies for interface of BESS or Fuel Cell system using the ABB standard Power Electronics Building Blocks By STEINKE Juergen; STEIMER Peter; PONNALURI Srinivas; LINHOFER Gerhard	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The two most popular topologies used to interface the DC voltage sources such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), Fuel Cells with the AC network are the single and two stage topologies. In case of the single stage topology the BESS or the Fuel Cell system is directly connected to the dc link of a voltage source converter and the voltage source converter is interfaced to the low voltage grid with a transformer. A two-stage solution is realized using a DC-DC conversion stage followed by a DC-AC conversion stage. The DC-DC stage boosts the DC voltage so that the DC-AC stage can be directly interfaced to the low voltage grid. Detailed comparison of these topologies is carried out using battery voltage and the installed power as variables. The commercially available ABB standard Lopak PEBB’s are used for comparison of the topologies. Both solutions are offered by ABB mainly depending on the dc voltage level of the BESS.

	Elimination of high power delivery rates by energy storage in supercapacitors By SCHNEUWLY Adrian; SARTORELLI Gianni; PEPPEL Torsten	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Temporary coverage of high peak power consumption requires a high power delivery rate also at low average power consumption. Consequently peak load coverage becomes economically expensive for the user.Using supercapacitors as energy storage can help to reduce the power delivery rate. The capability of storing energy can even substitute UPS for safety relevant systems.Two examples, an electrodynamic rail brake and a charging station for AutoTram, demonstrate applications of temporary high power requirement. By using supercapacitors the required power delivery rate could be reduced significantly. Applications in the field of low power networks have become feasible through the capability of parametrisation of the power consumption. The examples focus on the characteristic of the capacitors and the interaction with the power electronic and the load.

	Emergency Braking of a Free Piston Energy Converter By WEST Martin; HOWE David; WANG Jiabin; BINGHAM Chris; LONG Steve	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Free piston energy converters are a potential technology for future hybrid vehicles, as well as stationary power generation applications. A candidate 2-stroke system comprises of two opposing combustion chambers with a common piston rod, and integrated with a tubular permanent magnet electrical machine for the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy. A key issue for the ultimate adoption of such systems, however, is their robustness in the event of a fault to enable a safe shutdown, with minimal mechanical or electrical damage. The paper considers system braking issues and the importance of early fault detection. Results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of passive and active braking techniques for a range of dc-link supply voltage and operating output powers.

	Energy efficient Drive System for a Diesel Electric Shunting Locomotive By KOERNER Olaf; RECHENBERG Karsten; BRAND Jens	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Operation of a shunting locomotive consists of short drive cycles with fast acceleration, coasting and fast deceleration periods. This operation characteristic is ideally suited for application of an energy storage system like supercapacitors. In conjunction with a PM generator, this drive system can save a considerable amount of fuel.

	Evaluation of Induction Motor Speed Sensorless Control for Railway Vehicle Traction. By KONDO Keiichiro	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper evaluates the control performance of a speed sensorless induction motor control method for railway vehicles traction, compared to vector control system with pulse generators as speed sensors, from the view points of flux behavior. The speed sensorless strategy is based on the rotor flux induced voltage and is expected its high performance as well vector control system with pulse generators. The control performance is verified from the viewpoint of the rotor flux, because the speed sensor is used for controlling the rotor flux with the indirect vector control strategy. This paper provides the way how to evaluate the speed sensorless control on the railway vehicle traction system. First, the proposed speed sensorless control strategy for railway vehicles is presented. Then, its basic control characteristic is evaluated by numerical simulation and further control functions that are peculiar to the railway traction application are rated by the experiments.

	Input Active Filter for the DC/DC Converter Supplied from the Traction Trolley Net By GEREK Igor; HAVRILA Rastislav; SITAR JaN; RACEK Vladimir	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the design methodfor controlling of the entry filter for tram or trolleybus. The solution of entry filter must contain theswitch on/off modes and simulation of particularworking modes with fulfilling technical conditions andparameters.

	Measurement and Analysis of Line Interference Currents generated by an IGBT Four Quadrant Converter By BOLLN Hauke; VAN DER WEEM Juergen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Strict interference current limits are existing for heavy rail lines. Multi system light rail vehicles, which use the heavy rail lines, have to comply with these current limits. Line interference current measurements were undertaken with a new type of IGBT Four Quadrant Converter installed on a vehicle. The measurement equipment and the method are described. The results show that the strict limits are kept reliably.

	Simulation and control of electrical ship network By BELHAJ Mehdi; AIT AHMED Mourad; ABDELJALIL Lamya; BENKHORIS Mohamed Fouad	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In embarked networks: aeronautics, naval ..., the power is not infinite contrary to the classic energy distribution network.This paper deals with a general approach of embarked network modeling. The model built leads to a simulator which allows predicting network’s dynamic behavior in both transient and steady states. It allows highlighting various phenomena which can appear in the network (desynchronization, …).Moreover, in view of voltage and frequency control, a second modeling approach based on identification is used to synthesize voltage and frequency regulators.

	Speed Sensorless Vector Control for Rolling Stock By SATO Tadanori; TAGUCHI Hiroshi; KOJIMA Tetsuro; ISHIDA Seiji; OHASHI Satoru; OGAWA Takashi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A speed sensorless vector control (SLV) for rolling stock is introduced. The proposed SLV system meets the typical performance parameters of rolling stock, including initial speed estimation, stability in one-pulse mode operation, multiple motor drive operations, readhesion control using slip detection by estimated speed, and so on. In particular, we focused on the problem of starting from a backward motion. This is the most severe condition for SLV because they then operate in the zero-speed region. In this paper, a control algorithm for the zero-speed region is proposed and experimental results of a test run on a main line are presented to verify the validityof the proposed algorithm.

	Stabilized Series Compensation of Induction Machines in Motor Operation fed by Voltage Source Inverter By VAN DER GIET Michael	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Series capacitors are proposed to overcome the reduction of torque with increasing speed in the fieldweakening range of induction motors. The operational behavior is studied, example applications are given and a control concept, based on state-space and field-oriented control, is proposed to stabilize the systemin motor operation.

	State-of-Charge and State-of-Health prediction of Lead-acid Batteries for Hybrid Electric Vehicles using non-linear observers By BENTLEY Paul; BINGHAM Chris; BHANGU Bikramjit; STONE Dave	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes the application of state-estimation techniques for the real-time prediction of state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) of lead-acid cells. Approaches based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) are presented to provide correction for offset, drift and state divergence—an unfortunate feature of more traditional coulomb-counting techniques. Experimental results are employed to demonstrate the relative attributes of the proposed methodology.

	Technologies for increased energy efficiency in Railway systems By GUNSELMANN Walter	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This article will give an overview of the various possibilities of increased energy efficiency in electrical railway systems. Not only the power systems in the main traction circuit will be emphasized, but also efficient solutions arising from auxiliary-optimization, reduced weight of the vehicles, aerodynamics and efficient rail automation.The main focus will be on the application of energy storage in traction systems.The stationary installation in substations will be described and the advantages demonstrated in a number of applications using different main strategies. A wide and varied range of benefits will arise from the typical application situation.

	Transformer used as a DC link filter inductance in DC high power traction applications By PELLERIN Marc; CARPITA Mauro; ZUEGER Harry; STEFANUTTI Philippe	[View] [Download]
Abstract: For multi-system locomotives that have to be able to work under different supply conditions (e.g. a locomotive able to work under both the 3kV DC supply in Italy and the 15 kV 16,7 Hz AC supply in Switzerland) both an AC transformer/filter and a DC filter inductance are normally required. This paper describes the use of the secondary winding of the transformer, normally used when the traction drive is supplied by an AC network, as a filter inductance when the traction drive is supplied by a DC network. This choice allows to reduce the on-board passive elements. The possible instability problems created by the nonlinear characteristics of this inductance together with the high dynamic torque response of the drive have been addressed.A stabilisation algorithm to increase the DC link voltage damping characteristics of the systems is proposed.