EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 11e: Batteries and Fuel Cells

EPE 2003 - Topic 11e: Batteries and Fuel Cells
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 11: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES IN SURFACE TRANSPORT > EPE 2003 - Topic 11e: Batteries and Fuel Cells

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   Impendance measurement and characterisation of Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery (VRLA) cells for state of charge monitoring
By P. Bentley; S.A. Long; D.A. Stone; N. Schofield [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a study into the characterisation of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) cells utilising impedance spectroscopy methods. The aims of the study are to provide on-line state of charge (SoC) monitoring of the cells to ultimately optimise cell performance within a hybrid electric vehicle.

   Electric energy storage evaluation for urban rail vehicles
By T. Montanié [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Hybridisation of the power is now a challenge for the 5 following years. Due to the necessity of optimising the size and the weight of all the devices, a theoretical study of the 3 main energy storage (batteries, supercaps and flywheel) shall be realised. This study shall include a technical but also an economic approach depending on the architecture of the vehicle, its life cycle... The main conclusion is that the flywheels present now a lack of power, the supercaps a lack of energy. As for batteries, an objective of a large number of charge discharge cycles i.e. a long lifetime reduces strongly their performances to a low percentage of their theoretical capacities. But to justify the utilisation of an energy storage, the economic aspect are important and often dissuasive.

   A simulation model for the analysis and design of the electric power conversion system in fuel cell vehicles
By H. Hinz [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes how a simulation model has been applied in the analysis of the electric power conversion system in a fuel cell vehicle. Basic aspects of modeling the essential components and subsystems are explained. An approach how to analyze the interaction of these subsystems will be introduced. The comparison of simulation and experimental results is presented. The model has been implemented in the saber designer environment.

   A novel high current, short pulse battery charging system using a variable pulse frequency resonant converter
By J.P. Starkey; P.W. Lefley, [View]
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Abstract: A novel pulse charging system is described for the rapid charging of lead acid batteries, based on a series resonant converter, designed to charge a lead acid battery as rapidly as it is practicable without shortening its operational life. This system charges the battery using a train of high current pulses, the duty cycle of which varies according to the state of charge of the battery. As the state of charge of the battery increases, the average current supplied to the battery is reduced in order to minimise gassing. This is achieved by reducing the duty cycle of the pulse train, i.e. by increasing the time interval between the pulses of charge. For a typical 12V, 100Ah battery, the current pulses can reach a maximum amplitude of 600A, and of 50s duration. The converter incorporates discharge pulses between the charge pulses as this has been shown to improve charge acceptance. The discharge converter returns a fixed percentage of the charge supplied to the battery during the previous charge pulse back to the power supply, as this reduces the potential of the positive plate (relative to the potential of the electrolyte) and therefore reduces oxygen production.

   Active load for fuel cell system dedicated to transportation applications
By R. Lallemand; A. De Bernardinis; G. Coquery; J.-P. Ousten; S. Raël; B. Davat [View]
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Abstract: This paper deals with a realization, experimental validation and test results of an electronic active load for a 5 kW PEMFC generator. The active load is a part of the French interlab “SPACT” project which aim is to use a testing bench in order to carry out experimental tests on Fuel Cell for transportation applications. The active load should reproduce the constraints of an energy conversion chain for transportation application supplied by a Fuel Cell generator. These constraints are of both types: the first one are load current variations constraints linked to the road or railway mission profiles, the second one are constraints due to the power electronic interface between the Fuel Cell generator and the load. Particularly, we will focus on both amplitude and frequency of the pulsed current generated by the static converters and their influence on the Fuel Cell stack. Moreover, we will consider security and short-circuit protection measures as fundamental realization criteria for the power electronics components of the active load. The electronic control part of the active load has been realized by the GREEN laboratory of Nancy, also partner of the “SPACT” project. Several test results for the active load have been done at the INRETS LTN lab, then the active load has been tested and its working validated on the 5 kW Fuel Cell test bench at the L2ES laboratory in Belfort.

EPE 2003 - Topic 11e: Batteries and Fuel Cells
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 11: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES IN SURFACE TRANSPORT > EPE 2003 - Topic 11e: Batteries and Fuel Cells
	[return to parent folder]

	Impendance measurement and characterisation of Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery (VRLA) cells for state of charge monitoring By P. Bentley; S.A. Long; D.A. Stone; N. Schofield	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a study into the characterisation of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) cells utilising impedance spectroscopy methods. The aims of the study are to provide on-line state of charge (SoC) monitoring of the cells to ultimately optimise cell performance within a hybrid electric vehicle.

	Electric energy storage evaluation for urban rail vehicles By T. Montanié	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Hybridisation of the power is now a challenge for the 5 following years. Due to the necessity of optimising the size and the weight of all the devices, a theoretical study of the 3 main energy storage (batteries, supercaps and flywheel) shall be realised. This study shall include a technical but also an economic approach depending on the architecture of the vehicle, its life cycle... The main conclusion is that the flywheels present now a lack of power, the supercaps a lack of energy. As for batteries, an objective of a large number of charge discharge cycles i.e. a long lifetime reduces strongly their performances to a low percentage of their theoretical capacities. But to justify the utilisation of an energy storage, the economic aspect are important and often dissuasive.

	A simulation model for the analysis and design of the electric power conversion system in fuel cell vehicles By H. Hinz	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes how a simulation model has been applied in the analysis of the electric power conversion system in a fuel cell vehicle. Basic aspects of modeling the essential components and subsystems are explained. An approach how to analyze the interaction of these subsystems will be introduced. The comparison of simulation and experimental results is presented. The model has been implemented in the saber designer environment.

	A novel high current, short pulse battery charging system using a variable pulse frequency resonant converter By J.P. Starkey; P.W. Lefley,	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A novel pulse charging system is described for the rapid charging of lead acid batteries, based on a series resonant converter, designed to charge a lead acid battery as rapidly as it is practicable without shortening its operational life. This system charges the battery using a train of high current pulses, the duty cycle of which varies according to the state of charge of the battery. As the state of charge of the battery increases, the average current supplied to the battery is reduced in order to minimise gassing. This is achieved by reducing the duty cycle of the pulse train, i.e. by increasing the time interval between the pulses of charge. For a typical 12V, 100Ah battery, the current pulses can reach a maximum amplitude of 600A, and of 50s duration. The converter incorporates discharge pulses between the charge pulses as this has been shown to improve charge acceptance. The discharge converter returns a fixed percentage of the charge supplied to the battery during the previous charge pulse back to the power supply, as this reduces the potential of the positive plate (relative to the potential of the electrolyte) and therefore reduces oxygen production.

	Active load for fuel cell system dedicated to transportation applications By R. Lallemand; A. De Bernardinis; G. Coquery; J.-P. Ousten; S. Raël; B. Davat	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with a realization, experimental validation and test results of an electronic active load for a 5 kW PEMFC generator. The active load is a part of the French interlab “SPACT” project which aim is to use a testing bench in order to carry out experimental tests on Fuel Cell for transportation applications. The active load should reproduce the constraints of an energy conversion chain for transportation application supplied by a Fuel Cell generator. These constraints are of both types: the first one are load current variations constraints linked to the road or railway mission profiles, the second one are constraints due to the power electronic interface between the Fuel Cell generator and the load. Particularly, we will focus on both amplitude and frequency of the pulsed current generated by the static converters and their influence on the Fuel Cell stack. Moreover, we will consider security and short-circuit protection measures as fundamental realization criteria for the power electronics components of the active load. The electronic control part of the active load has been realized by the GREEN laboratory of Nancy, also partner of the “SPACT” project. Several test results for the active load have been done at the INRETS LTN lab, then the active load has been tested and its working validated on the 5 kW Fuel Cell test bench at the L2ES laboratory in Belfort.