EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 13f: Power Electronics in Other Industries

EPE 2003 - Topic 13f: Power Electronics in Other Industries
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 13: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING > EPE 2003 - Topic 13f: Power Electronics in Other Industries

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   Industrial applications of high current chopper rectifiers: state of the art
By J. Rodríguez; J. Pontt; R. Musalem; E. Wiechmann; P. Hammond; F. Santucci [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper discusses the use of choppers with Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors in conjunction with non-controlled diode rectifiers, to generate large controlled currents. These converters are known as Chopper Rectifiers and are a new possibility in the generation of currents in the kiloamperes range. The paper presents the basic principles, the main characteristics and a comparison to phase controlled rectifiers with thyristors. Chopper rectifiers generate a load current with reduced ripple and they operate with a high and constant power factor. In addition, they generate few input current harmonics and operate without passive filters. The paper also includes an efficiency assessment versus thyristor rectifiers and presents a reference list of units installed by two major manufacturers. The main conclusion of the paper is that these new rectifiers are very attractive from a technical point of view.

   Rotor impendance control of three-phase induction motor using MOSFETs
By A.E. El Sabbe; A.S. Zein El Din [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper introduces a method of rotor impedance control. By using controlled capacitor/inductor connected in series in the rotor circuit. The proposed system can be operate as speed control system or soft starting system to limit the starting current of the motor. An approach to a three MOSFETs–based a rotor circuit of induction motor is presented. The experimental realization of the drive posed some serious problems, notably with regard to the successful driving pulses of MOSFETs over a wide speed range. Analysis of the secondary MOSFETs-controlled motor raised many interesting challengers. It was decided to use an equivalent circuit approach to the analysis because the primary voltage and current were both largely sinusoidal. The equivalent circuit used is based on the single-phase equivalent of a balanced sinusoidal three-phase system. The effective value of the external rotor inductance or capacitance is calculated. We have studied motor performance specially speed, motor starting current, and torque during the control of duty cycle of MOSFETs. Also, MOSFETs performance has been studied. Closed loop speed control of motor speed have been investigated using hysteresis control based on controlling MOSFETs ON or OFF. Experimental results have been carried out in our Lab. Now, compare the Experimental results with the simulation results gives a good relative.

   A high performance 25 kW three-phase PFC power supply for use in a plasma ion nitriding reactor plant
By J-P. Dubut; A. Magnus F. Guimarães; A. Ortiz Salazar; A. Laurindo Maitelli; C. Alves Júnior [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes the concept, the project and the practical construction of a high performance 25kW three-phase power factor correction (PFC) power supply purposed to supply a plasma ion nitriding reactor plant. The power stage is built on an industrial IGBT three-phase bridge rectifier module configured in a pulse width modulation (PWM) boost rectifier topology. A –850VDC pulsed output voltage supplies the ion nitriding reactor by means of an electronic static switch, according to programmed recurrence frequency and nitriding work cycle. This PFC power supply is endowed of three independent circuits for power factor correction in order to attempt the Brazilian electrical standard, regarding the power factor and the current harmonic injection level in the utility line. The PFC preregulator stage uses the average current-mode control implemented by a PWM control scheme. A dedicated microcontroller unit executes the supervision, the task management, the running sequence and the main programming parameters as well as the protection function of associated subsystems. Using an external microcomputer, a RS-232 serial input allows the remote programming of the PFC power supply, the ion nitriding reactor supervisory and the overall industrial process control. Nowadays, the equipment operates in the INCUBATEC in Natal – RN, Brazil. This paper highlights the PWM boost rectifier, the PFC preregulator and the compensator loop circuit design.

   Medium voltage drive system for test bench and high speed applications
By R. Jakob; G. Beinhold [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Based on the already introduced 4-level IGBT inverter topology, applications for simulation test benches with AFE, DC-BUS and multi motor drives are described. High speed compressor drives with 6000V AC motor voltage are based on the latest 6,5 kV IGBT technology. Special attention is given on the low harmonic content of the 4-level PWM output current wave shape for both, the Active Front End (AFE) and the motor inverters. Investigations on dv/dt and common mode voltage for 4-level drive systems are described.

   About structure effects on losses in very high controlled current transformer - rectifiers: a comparative analysis of 5 real cases
By R. Fuentes [View]
[Download]

Abstract: It is very well known that in very high current transformer-rectifiers the structure of rectifier has to be large enough to minimize losses and voltage drops due to the high DC current . In copper electrowinning plants the high DC controlled current must be supplied by enormous transformerrectifiers 24 hrs/day, 365 days/year. Then, efficiency is very important. Losses come from different components, such as thyristors, fuses, cooling system, transformer, copper or aluminium bars system, etc. In this paper a comparative analysis of 5 different real cases is presented. This real cases correspond to high current controlled rectifiers of different electrowinning copper plants that has been designed using different rectifier structures. Conclusions and recommendations are presented. Finally, an experimental method to determine in factory the total losses at rated voltage and rated current is proposed. This method can be applied only for those cases of copper plants with even number of high current rectifiers operating in parallel.

   Effect of power electronics on the quality of electric power
By J.C. Gomez; M.M. Morcos [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Early power equipment were designed to withstand disturbances such as lightning, short circuits, and sudden overloads without extra expenditure. Current power electronics (PE) prices would be much higher if the equipment were designed with the same robustness. Pollution was introduced into power systems by nonlinear loads such as transformers and saturated coils; however, perturbation rate has never reached the present levels. Due to its nonlinear characteristics and fast switching, PE creates most of the pollution issues. Approximately 10 to 20 % of today’s energy is processed by PE; the percentage will reach 50 to 60 % by the year 2010, due mainly to the fast growing of PE capability. The paper shows how PE and electric power quality are related in almost every aspect of commercial, domestic, and industrial application.

   100 MVA DC power supply for European aerospace plasma wind tunnel
By T. Consani; P. Bordignon; E. Merli; M. Perna; G. Coquery [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Plasma Wind Tunnel (PWT) is an arc heater system to produce high temperature wind to test parts of the Thermal Protection System of future European space aircraft, or capsules or parts of future very high speed planes, according to the hard thermal conditions expected during the atmospheric re-entry. This PWT named “SCIROCCO“ requires very high power DC supply, it was designed a 100MVA modular DC system. A original and efficient over current protection by using medium DC voltage crowbar was designed with appropriate fault detection in order to avoid any arc heater damages. A medium voltage harmonic filter was designed to reduce the perturbation on public network due to the high power fluctuation of the arc heater load.

EPE 2003 - Topic 13f: Power Electronics in Other Industries
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 13: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING > EPE 2003 - Topic 13f: Power Electronics in Other Industries
	[return to parent folder]

	Industrial applications of high current chopper rectifiers: state of the art By J. Rodríguez; J. Pontt; R. Musalem; E. Wiechmann; P. Hammond; F. Santucci	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper discusses the use of choppers with Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors in conjunction with non-controlled diode rectifiers, to generate large controlled currents. These converters are known as Chopper Rectifiers and are a new possibility in the generation of currents in the kiloamperes range. The paper presents the basic principles, the main characteristics and a comparison to phase controlled rectifiers with thyristors. Chopper rectifiers generate a load current with reduced ripple and they operate with a high and constant power factor. In addition, they generate few input current harmonics and operate without passive filters. The paper also includes an efficiency assessment versus thyristor rectifiers and presents a reference list of units installed by two major manufacturers. The main conclusion of the paper is that these new rectifiers are very attractive from a technical point of view.

	Rotor impendance control of three-phase induction motor using MOSFETs By A.E. El Sabbe; A.S. Zein El Din	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper introduces a method of rotor impedance control. By using controlled capacitor/inductor connected in series in the rotor circuit. The proposed system can be operate as speed control system or soft starting system to limit the starting current of the motor. An approach to a three MOSFETs–based a rotor circuit of induction motor is presented. The experimental realization of the drive posed some serious problems, notably with regard to the successful driving pulses of MOSFETs over a wide speed range. Analysis of the secondary MOSFETs-controlled motor raised many interesting challengers. It was decided to use an equivalent circuit approach to the analysis because the primary voltage and current were both largely sinusoidal. The equivalent circuit used is based on the single-phase equivalent of a balanced sinusoidal three-phase system. The effective value of the external rotor inductance or capacitance is calculated. We have studied motor performance specially speed, motor starting current, and torque during the control of duty cycle of MOSFETs. Also, MOSFETs performance has been studied. Closed loop speed control of motor speed have been investigated using hysteresis control based on controlling MOSFETs ON or OFF. Experimental results have been carried out in our Lab. Now, compare the Experimental results with the simulation results gives a good relative.

	A high performance 25 kW three-phase PFC power supply for use in a plasma ion nitriding reactor plant By J-P. Dubut; A. Magnus F. Guimarães; A. Ortiz Salazar; A. Laurindo Maitelli; C. Alves Júnior	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the concept, the project and the practical construction of a high performance 25kW three-phase power factor correction (PFC) power supply purposed to supply a plasma ion nitriding reactor plant. The power stage is built on an industrial IGBT three-phase bridge rectifier module configured in a pulse width modulation (PWM) boost rectifier topology. A –850VDC pulsed output voltage supplies the ion nitriding reactor by means of an electronic static switch, according to programmed recurrence frequency and nitriding work cycle. This PFC power supply is endowed of three independent circuits for power factor correction in order to attempt the Brazilian electrical standard, regarding the power factor and the current harmonic injection level in the utility line. The PFC preregulator stage uses the average current-mode control implemented by a PWM control scheme. A dedicated microcontroller unit executes the supervision, the task management, the running sequence and the main programming parameters as well as the protection function of associated subsystems. Using an external microcomputer, a RS-232 serial input allows the remote programming of the PFC power supply, the ion nitriding reactor supervisory and the overall industrial process control. Nowadays, the equipment operates in the INCUBATEC in Natal – RN, Brazil. This paper highlights the PWM boost rectifier, the PFC preregulator and the compensator loop circuit design.

	Medium voltage drive system for test bench and high speed applications By R. Jakob; G. Beinhold	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Based on the already introduced 4-level IGBT inverter topology, applications for simulation test benches with AFE, DC-BUS and multi motor drives are described. High speed compressor drives with 6000V AC motor voltage are based on the latest 6,5 kV IGBT technology. Special attention is given on the low harmonic content of the 4-level PWM output current wave shape for both, the Active Front End (AFE) and the motor inverters. Investigations on dv/dt and common mode voltage for 4-level drive systems are described.

	About structure effects on losses in very high controlled current transformer - rectifiers: a comparative analysis of 5 real cases By R. Fuentes	[View] [Download]
Abstract: It is very well known that in very high current transformer-rectifiers the structure of rectifier has to be large enough to minimize losses and voltage drops due to the high DC current . In copper electrowinning plants the high DC controlled current must be supplied by enormous transformerrectifiers 24 hrs/day, 365 days/year. Then, efficiency is very important. Losses come from different components, such as thyristors, fuses, cooling system, transformer, copper or aluminium bars system, etc. In this paper a comparative analysis of 5 different real cases is presented. This real cases correspond to high current controlled rectifiers of different electrowinning copper plants that has been designed using different rectifier structures. Conclusions and recommendations are presented. Finally, an experimental method to determine in factory the total losses at rated voltage and rated current is proposed. This method can be applied only for those cases of copper plants with even number of high current rectifiers operating in parallel.

	Effect of power electronics on the quality of electric power By J.C. Gomez; M.M. Morcos	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Early power equipment were designed to withstand disturbances such as lightning, short circuits, and sudden overloads without extra expenditure. Current power electronics (PE) prices would be much higher if the equipment were designed with the same robustness. Pollution was introduced into power systems by nonlinear loads such as transformers and saturated coils; however, perturbation rate has never reached the present levels. Due to its nonlinear characteristics and fast switching, PE creates most of the pollution issues. Approximately 10 to 20 % of today’s energy is processed by PE; the percentage will reach 50 to 60 % by the year 2010, due mainly to the fast growing of PE capability. The paper shows how PE and electric power quality are related in almost every aspect of commercial, domestic, and industrial application.

	100 MVA DC power supply for European aerospace plasma wind tunnel By T. Consani; P. Bordignon; E. Merli; M. Perna; G. Coquery	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Plasma Wind Tunnel (PWT) is an arc heater system to produce high temperature wind to test parts of the Thermal Protection System of future European space aircraft, or capsules or parts of future very high speed planes, according to the hard thermal conditions expected during the atmospheric re-entry. This PWT named “SCIROCCO“ requires very high power DC supply, it was designed a 100MVA modular DC system. A original and efficient over current protection by using medium DC voltage crowbar was designed with appropriate fault detection in order to avoid any arc heater damages. A medium voltage harmonic filter was designed to reduce the perturbation on public network due to the high power fluctuation of the arc heater load.