EPE Association: EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12-1: Distributed power, renewable energy systems and alternative energies

EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12-1: Distributed power, renewable energy systems and alternative energies
You are here: EPE Documents > 04 - EPE-PEMC Conference Proceedings > EPE-PEMC 2004 - Conference > EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12: POWER ELECTRONICS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY > EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12-1: Distributed power, renewable energy systems and alternative energies

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   A Different R&D Approach To The Integration Of Distributed Energy Resources And Renewable Energy Sources In Markets And Energy Grids.
By Etienne Gehain [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is already used in Europe (for instance wind farms or combined heat and power mostly in industry). However there is a trade-off between the benefits of DER and the adverse grid effects at the transmission and even distribution level. This is particularly true in areas where stochastic Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are present such as the large wind farms in the northern part of Europe. Adverse grid effects are partly responsible for the relatively limited development of RES. Much R&D has been devoted to mitigate these adverse grid effects in the past. Most of this R&D is aiming at developing new grid components and management strategies. However these approaches suggest that a comprehensive overhaul of the electrical grid system is necessary in order to accommodate large amounts of DER and RES. A different R&D approach has been recently proposed by a group of eight European utilities and has been accepted for funding by the European Commission within its 6th R&D Framework Program. This approach is implemented in the Integrated Project named "The birth of a European Distributed Energy Partnership that will help the largescale implementation of distributed energy resources in Europe" (EU-DEEP). The new approach does not require upfront large modifications of the electrical grid, but relies instead on existing technologies and practices. Both the existing and the new approaches are nevertheless complementary (see Fig. 1). Together with manufacturers, research organizations, professionals, national regulators and a bank, the utilities propose to remove, in five years, the most important technical and non-technical barriers which prevent massive deployment of DER in Europe. This partnership will implement a demand-pull rather than technology-push approach. By sharing market data and constructing a model of the European demand, this approach allows to identify demand segments which can benefit from DER solutions, and foster the R&D required to adapt DER technologies to the precise demand of the selected segments. In order to validate this approach, a set of five demand segments will be studied in three market sectors (industrial, commercial and residential) for one or two types of DER demands ("incremental-DER" from existing DER applications, and/or "DER-breakthrough" from the study of disruptive behaviours introduced by new trading mechanisms). After a one-year experimental measurements campaign to gather realistic data on the life cycle costs of the candidate technologies, manufacturers should be in a position to launch industrialization tasks of the most promising DER solutions. In addition, regulatory bodies should be able to release some of the barriers that still prevent more DER solutions from reaching market applications. This new R&D approach applies to any DER technology, including RES. It has the potential to help identify "fast track options" for large-scale penetration of RES in Europe. With a budget of approximately 29 M€ (of which 15 M€ are provided by the European Commission) it should produce complete results for the first of the five selected market segments by mid-2007.

   A LCL Resonant DC-DC Converter For Electrical Power Distribution Systems
By T. Filchev, P. Wheeler, J. Clare, D. Yudov, V. Valchev, A. Van Den Bossche [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a DC-DC converter with LCL resonant commutation. The described converter employs a low profile high frequency transformer and a full-bridge converter. The principle of operation of the converter is verified by the SABER simulator. Design considerations and models of the used magnetic components as well as practical results from a 10kW prototype are presented.

   Analysis Of Combined Electrical And Heat Demand In Kaunas Medical University Hospital (kmuh).
By Egils Dzelzitis, Virginius Stiormer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Analysis of heat and electricity loads in Kaunas Medical University Hospital (KMUH) is provided. Two gas engine cogeneration units are considered to realize project. Steam generation technology is analyzed and pay-back period calculated.

   Coordinate Control Between Power Converter Based Distributed Generation And Conventional Generation Equipment For Power Quality Services In Local Power Supply N
By S. Kusagawa, J. Baba, K. Shutoh, M. Ohshima, E. Masada [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In order to maintain both the stable system operation and supply power quality in local power supply network, a model system is studied on the coordinate control operation between a voltage source converter of distributed generation and conventional generation equipment. Stable operation of the system is verified by simulation studies.

   Energetical And Power Electronics Researches In Latvia
By L. Ribickis, V. Zebergs, N. Zeltins [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The work deals with the development of the science of energetics in Latvia and the research in the power electronics since the power electronic equipment is widely used in all the electricity generation, transmission and distribution processes. It contains an analysis of the structure of scientific national research projects in the energetics sphere and the investigations in power electronics depending on the directions of their study.

   Frequency Spectrum Based Control Scheme For Distributed Generation System To Compensate Load Variation In A Local Network
By S. Suzuki, J. Baba, S. Numata, A. Denda, E. Masada [View]
[Download]

Abstract: From field measurements of power demand at various customers, it is concluded that the power demand fluctuation includes several peaks at unique frequencies specific to each load. To realize effective compensation of load variation in a local network with distributed generation with power converter system, a novel control scheme based on such frequency characteristics is proposed and varified with simulation studies.

   How To Increase The Efficiency Of P&O MPPT By Converter Dynamic Matching
By N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper shows that the efficiency of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control technique can be improved by optimizing its sampling interval Ta according to the converter’s dynamics. During sunny days, when the maximum power point of the photovoltaic (PV) array moves very slowly, the sampling interval Ta must be set as short as possible without causing instability. If the algorithm samples the array voltage and current too quickly, it is subjected to possible mistakes caused by the transient behavior of the PV array+converter system, thus missing temporarily the MPP. As a consequence, the algorithm can be confused, the energy efficiency decays, and the operating point can become unstable, entering disordered behaviors. The solution proposed in this paper lies in choosing Ta according to the converter’s dynamics. The choice of the value of Ta according to the proposed approach ensures a three-level steady-state duty-cycle swing around the MPP, whatever the duty-cycle step-size and the irradiance level are. As an example, a boost MPPT battery charger has been studied.

   How To Make Robust A P&O MPPT Technique
By N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In presence of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, the Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can be confused due to the fact that it is not able to distinguish the variations of the photovoltaic array output power caused by the duty cycle modulation from those ones caused by the irradiance variation. In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated to such a drawback can be greatly reduced if the magnitude of the duty-cycle perturbations is customized to the dynamic behavior of the specific dc-dc converter adopted to realize the P&O MPPT. As an example, a boost battery charger has been studied.

   Matching The Solar Cell Panel Installation Angle To Load Requirements In Stand-Alone Distributed Power Systems
By N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The problem of optimizing the photovoltaic field orientation in stand-alone Photovoltaic-Hydrogen-Powered Distributed Power Systems (PHP-DPS) is treated in this paper. The system is supposed to be composed of a photovoltaic field, as energy source, and of a hydrogen energy backup subsystem including a hydrolyser, a hydrogen tank and a PEM fuel cell. Given the characteristics of the solar panels, of the switching converters and of the backup subsystem, three different load profiles have been considered with three typical irradiation diagrams corresponding to as many different typical days in a year. For each case study, the best photovoltaic field orientation, which involve the minimum number of panels to ensure the load power and energy requirements, has been found. Results of simulations allows to single the best configuration out, both whenever the system is supposed to work all the year round and if its operating period does not include winter. The paper puts in evidence that panels’ orientations chosen according to the load time profile allow to reduce the plant cost, in terms of number of panels and backup size, and to save some amount of energy that is not processed by the backup subsystem. To this regard, the paper also highlights that the best design of a stand-alone PHP-DPS maximizes the flux of energy that goes straight from source to load, as the energy production matches the load needs as much as possible. This objective is particularly important in PHP-DPS that are characterized by a low efficiency back-up path.

   On The Influence Of Demanded Power Upon The Performance Of Energy Storage Devices
By Bernd Kloeckl, Patrick Favre-Perod [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This study investigates the implications of nonconstant power extraction for energy storage devices (ESD). It is shown that the shape of the power demand function influences the extractable energy. This finding allows for the definition of ESD sizing and placement algorithms for stochastically fed energy systems.

   Single Wire Transmission Line Of Electrical Energy
By Janis Voitkans, Janis Greivulis, Aigars Locmelis [View]
[Download]

Abstract: There has been made investigation in field of electrical energy transmission using one wire. During investigation has been made simulation of electrical energy transmission using one conductor. There have been taken measurement results during simulation what is also shown in publication.

   Stability Analysis Of Distributed Power Architecture Including The Intermediate Bus Converter
By Koji Hisanaga, Kosuke Harada [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper will show how the relationship of the L/C Ratio ) / ( C L M ß of the smoothing filter and the midband feedback gain around the cutoff frequency play as a key parametor for sysytem stability on Distributed Power Architecture(DPA) together with the intermediate bus converter(IBC).The result is then applied to the example DPS. Minimum gain for system stability on the given L/C ratio ) / ( C L M ß is then derived.

   Will Distributed Energy Resources Make A Revolution In The Power Sector Of Baltic States
By O. Linkevics, M. Balodis, M. Bockarjova, A. Sauhats, V. Chuvychin, I. Svalova [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Paper deals with consideration of a structure and main characteristics of electric power systems of the Baltic States with the purpose to discover perspective for widespread implementation of distributed energy resources (DER). The main issues considered are configuration and capacity of transmission and distribution networks, intersystem transmissions, location of the main and independent generating units, trends of their development. Paper provides an overview of legislative statements and main rules, which regulates formal relationships between independent energy producers and utilities. Major problems and barriers that limit intensive development of DER are identified and possible solutions to overcome them are proposed.

EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12-1: Distributed power, renewable energy systems and alternative energies
You are here: EPE Documents > 04 - EPE-PEMC Conference Proceedings > EPE-PEMC 2004 - Conference > EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12: POWER ELECTRONICS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY > EPE-PEMC 2004 - Topic 12-1: Distributed power, renewable energy systems and alternative energies
	[return to parent folder]

	A Different R&D Approach To The Integration Of Distributed Energy Resources And Renewable Energy Sources In Markets And Energy Grids. By Etienne Gehain	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is already used in Europe (for instance wind farms or combined heat and power mostly in industry). However there is a trade-off between the benefits of DER and the adverse grid effects at the transmission and even distribution level. This is particularly true in areas where stochastic Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are present such as the large wind farms in the northern part of Europe. Adverse grid effects are partly responsible for the relatively limited development of RES. Much R&D has been devoted to mitigate these adverse grid effects in the past. Most of this R&D is aiming at developing new grid components and management strategies. However these approaches suggest that a comprehensive overhaul of the electrical grid system is necessary in order to accommodate large amounts of DER and RES. A different R&D approach has been recently proposed by a group of eight European utilities and has been accepted for funding by the European Commission within its 6th R&D Framework Program. This approach is implemented in the Integrated Project named "The birth of a European Distributed Energy Partnership that will help the largescale implementation of distributed energy resources in Europe" (EU-DEEP). The new approach does not require upfront large modifications of the electrical grid, but relies instead on existing technologies and practices. Both the existing and the new approaches are nevertheless complementary (see Fig. 1). Together with manufacturers, research organizations, professionals, national regulators and a bank, the utilities propose to remove, in five years, the most important technical and non-technical barriers which prevent massive deployment of DER in Europe. This partnership will implement a demand-pull rather than technology-push approach. By sharing market data and constructing a model of the European demand, this approach allows to identify demand segments which can benefit from DER solutions, and foster the R&D required to adapt DER technologies to the precise demand of the selected segments. In order to validate this approach, a set of five demand segments will be studied in three market sectors (industrial, commercial and residential) for one or two types of DER demands ("incremental-DER" from existing DER applications, and/or "DER-breakthrough" from the study of disruptive behaviours introduced by new trading mechanisms). After a one-year experimental measurements campaign to gather realistic data on the life cycle costs of the candidate technologies, manufacturers should be in a position to launch industrialization tasks of the most promising DER solutions. In addition, regulatory bodies should be able to release some of the barriers that still prevent more DER solutions from reaching market applications. This new R&D approach applies to any DER technology, including RES. It has the potential to help identify "fast track options" for large-scale penetration of RES in Europe. With a budget of approximately 29 M€ (of which 15 M€ are provided by the European Commission) it should produce complete results for the first of the five selected market segments by mid-2007.

	A LCL Resonant DC-DC Converter For Electrical Power Distribution Systems By T. Filchev, P. Wheeler, J. Clare, D. Yudov, V. Valchev, A. Van Den Bossche	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a DC-DC converter with LCL resonant commutation. The described converter employs a low profile high frequency transformer and a full-bridge converter. The principle of operation of the converter is verified by the SABER simulator. Design considerations and models of the used magnetic components as well as practical results from a 10kW prototype are presented.

	Analysis Of Combined Electrical And Heat Demand In Kaunas Medical University Hospital (kmuh). By Egils Dzelzitis, Virginius Stiormer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Analysis of heat and electricity loads in Kaunas Medical University Hospital (KMUH) is provided. Two gas engine cogeneration units are considered to realize project. Steam generation technology is analyzed and pay-back period calculated.

	Coordinate Control Between Power Converter Based Distributed Generation And Conventional Generation Equipment For Power Quality Services In Local Power Supply N By S. Kusagawa, J. Baba, K. Shutoh, M. Ohshima, E. Masada	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In order to maintain both the stable system operation and supply power quality in local power supply network, a model system is studied on the coordinate control operation between a voltage source converter of distributed generation and conventional generation equipment. Stable operation of the system is verified by simulation studies.

	Energetical And Power Electronics Researches In Latvia By L. Ribickis, V. Zebergs, N. Zeltins	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The work deals with the development of the science of energetics in Latvia and the research in the power electronics since the power electronic equipment is widely used in all the electricity generation, transmission and distribution processes. It contains an analysis of the structure of scientific national research projects in the energetics sphere and the investigations in power electronics depending on the directions of their study.

	Frequency Spectrum Based Control Scheme For Distributed Generation System To Compensate Load Variation In A Local Network By S. Suzuki, J. Baba, S. Numata, A. Denda, E. Masada	[View] [Download]
Abstract: From field measurements of power demand at various customers, it is concluded that the power demand fluctuation includes several peaks at unique frequencies specific to each load. To realize effective compensation of load variation in a local network with distributed generation with power converter system, a novel control scheme based on such frequency characteristics is proposed and varified with simulation studies.

	How To Increase The Efficiency Of P&O MPPT By Converter Dynamic Matching By N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper shows that the efficiency of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control technique can be improved by optimizing its sampling interval Ta according to the converter’s dynamics. During sunny days, when the maximum power point of the photovoltaic (PV) array moves very slowly, the sampling interval Ta must be set as short as possible without causing instability. If the algorithm samples the array voltage and current too quickly, it is subjected to possible mistakes caused by the transient behavior of the PV array+converter system, thus missing temporarily the MPP. As a consequence, the algorithm can be confused, the energy efficiency decays, and the operating point can become unstable, entering disordered behaviors. The solution proposed in this paper lies in choosing Ta according to the converter’s dynamics. The choice of the value of Ta according to the proposed approach ensures a three-level steady-state duty-cycle swing around the MPP, whatever the duty-cycle step-size and the irradiance level are. As an example, a boost MPPT battery charger has been studied.

	How To Make Robust A P&O MPPT Technique By N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In presence of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, the Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can be confused due to the fact that it is not able to distinguish the variations of the photovoltaic array output power caused by the duty cycle modulation from those ones caused by the irradiance variation. In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated to such a drawback can be greatly reduced if the magnitude of the duty-cycle perturbations is customized to the dynamic behavior of the specific dc-dc converter adopted to realize the P&O MPPT. As an example, a boost battery charger has been studied.

	Matching The Solar Cell Panel Installation Angle To Load Requirements In Stand-Alone Distributed Power Systems By N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The problem of optimizing the photovoltaic field orientation in stand-alone Photovoltaic-Hydrogen-Powered Distributed Power Systems (PHP-DPS) is treated in this paper. The system is supposed to be composed of a photovoltaic field, as energy source, and of a hydrogen energy backup subsystem including a hydrolyser, a hydrogen tank and a PEM fuel cell. Given the characteristics of the solar panels, of the switching converters and of the backup subsystem, three different load profiles have been considered with three typical irradiation diagrams corresponding to as many different typical days in a year. For each case study, the best photovoltaic field orientation, which involve the minimum number of panels to ensure the load power and energy requirements, has been found. Results of simulations allows to single the best configuration out, both whenever the system is supposed to work all the year round and if its operating period does not include winter. The paper puts in evidence that panels’ orientations chosen according to the load time profile allow to reduce the plant cost, in terms of number of panels and backup size, and to save some amount of energy that is not processed by the backup subsystem. To this regard, the paper also highlights that the best design of a stand-alone PHP-DPS maximizes the flux of energy that goes straight from source to load, as the energy production matches the load needs as much as possible. This objective is particularly important in PHP-DPS that are characterized by a low efficiency back-up path.

	On The Influence Of Demanded Power Upon The Performance Of Energy Storage Devices By Bernd Kloeckl, Patrick Favre-Perod	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This study investigates the implications of nonconstant power extraction for energy storage devices (ESD). It is shown that the shape of the power demand function influences the extractable energy. This finding allows for the definition of ESD sizing and placement algorithms for stochastically fed energy systems.

	Single Wire Transmission Line Of Electrical Energy By Janis Voitkans, Janis Greivulis, Aigars Locmelis	[View] [Download]
Abstract: There has been made investigation in field of electrical energy transmission using one wire. During investigation has been made simulation of electrical energy transmission using one conductor. There have been taken measurement results during simulation what is also shown in publication.

	Stability Analysis Of Distributed Power Architecture Including The Intermediate Bus Converter By Koji Hisanaga, Kosuke Harada	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper will show how the relationship of the L/C Ratio ) / ( C L M ß of the smoothing filter and the midband feedback gain around the cutoff frequency play as a key parametor for sysytem stability on Distributed Power Architecture(DPA) together with the intermediate bus converter(IBC).The result is then applied to the example DPS. Minimum gain for system stability on the given L/C ratio ) / ( C L M ß is then derived.

	Will Distributed Energy Resources Make A Revolution In The Power Sector Of Baltic States By O. Linkevics, M. Balodis, M. Bockarjova, A. Sauhats, V. Chuvychin, I. Svalova	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Paper deals with consideration of a structure and main characteristics of electric power systems of the Baltic States with the purpose to discover perspective for widespread implementation of distributed energy resources (DER). The main issues considered are configuration and capacity of transmission and distribution networks, intersystem transmissions, location of the main and independent generating units, trends of their development. Paper provides an overview of legislative statements and main rules, which regulates formal relationships between independent energy producers and utilities. Major problems and barriers that limit intensive development of DER are identified and possible solutions to overcome them are proposed.